Facilitating Obstetric Services for Pregnant Women

Facilitating Obstetric Services for Pregnant Women Socio-cultural INFULENCES AND Access TO Basic Obstetric Care (BOC) Abstract Although pregnancy and childbirth are not of medical origin, respectively, they signify normal physiological events. Women who are pregnant often anticipate satisfactory childbirth outcomes, with no complications during the birthing process. Maternal and Child health is achieved through comprehensive obstetric interventions. While basic obstetric care is available for pregnant women, socio-cultural beliefs are effective as well to convince them not to access appropriate care during obstetric emergencies. Therefore, this essay explains why pregnant women are often unable to receive care they need and the benefits of accessing essential obstetric care in health facilities. Socio-cultural Beliefs and Childbirth Practices Whilst there are many cultures throughout the world, every culture is distinct and varies considerably from one another. Culture is viewed as a main pillar that clearly defines ethnic identity, autonomy, and the tribal dominance of a society (Bravo Noya, 2014). Its influence is fascinating by the way certain skills, knowledge, and practices are observed and learnt over a period of time to maintain and preserve its existence (Sherry Ornstein, 2014). Similarly, different societies have profound cultural beliefs and interpretations in relation to pregnancy and childbirth practices. Though birthing is an individual occasion, it is also an important societal experience that impacts women’s perceptions and certain beliefs between respective societies (Kaphle, Hancock, Newman, 2013). For instance, during pregnancy, women strictly observe their cultural norms and â€Å"taboos† by avoiding certain foods or diets. In general, a particular food that is abundant in protein is avoided due to their mutual belief(s) that may lead to congenital deformed babies, resembling features of food eaten, or their babies may grow big thereby complicating the second stage of labour (Kuzma, et al., 2013). Cultural influences are persuasive, and thus, prevent pregnant women to access essential maternal health care. Socio-cultural Beliefs and Access to Basic Obstetric Care (BOC) In spite of the fact that there are many different societies, they are often classified into two broad kinds of societies; patrilineal or matrilineal. Patrilineal society is more common and influential. Patrilineal societies qualify men to own the land, properties, make critical decisions, and decide on family size (Koian, 2010). Land is considered as an important asset for families in ethnic societies. This is why, in patrilineal societies, men would often want to have more male children in their family to inherit the land, and also to take full responsibility during their old age (Tao, 2014). In contrast, women’s responsibilities are often associated with domestic duties, such as cooking, gardening, childbearing and childrearing. On the other hand, basic medical ailments and maternal health services (for example, Family Planning) are viewed as insignificant to certain societies, and are perceived to only interfere with their cultural beliefs (Kaphle, Hancock, Newman, 2013). Moreover, any pregnancy or childbirth-related complications are considered abnormal, and the victim (pregnant woman) is condemned for disobedience; as a result, she is cursed by ancestral evil forces (Kuzma, et al., 2013). Such cultural beliefs often have subsequent impact on pregnant women accessing and utilising vital antenatal and obstetric care (Boerleider, Wiegers, Mannien, Francke, Deville, 2013). Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) and their Experiences To strengthen maternal health care, emphasis is placed on pregnant women accessing health facilities for supervised care and deliveries from Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs). These are qualified health professionals (such as; midwives, nurses and doctors) who are able to manage pregnancies and childbirths, and detect possible obstetric complications threatening to the mother and her unborn baby (Uzt, Siddiqui, Adegoke, Broeke, 2013). In many societies, Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) are available, usually old women who are considered skilful and knowledgeable in managing childbirths. Their competency of practice has become women’s first choice of contact when in labour. Also, their respectful approach toward mothers, irrespective of their social status, age, parity, and reasonable labour fees, have continued to influence women’s perception of positive childbirth experiences under their care (Akpabio, Edet, Etifit, Bassey, 2014). Unfortunately, TBAs still require essential evidence-based knowledge; they need adequate emergency obstetric skills and kits to manage during labour and birth emergencies. Their performing (birthing) roles were observed, and acquired only through other experienced TBAs. Yet, pregnant women still forgo formal deliveries to seek assistance from TBAs. Even some who often attend antenatal clinics still prefer TBAs during labour. Such care outside the scope of professional practice results in high rates of preventable maternal deaths (Akpabio, Edet, Etifit, Bassey, 2014). Pregnancy and childbirth experiences can be life-threatening without the presence of SBAs. Hence, it is necessary for pregnant mothers to seek formal support, and care in health care settings where health care providers, and essential life-saving equipment are available. Health Care Providers’ Attitudes and Approaches Health Care Providers have primary responsibilities in providing health care effectively to their patients (women) without favouritism, injustice, harassment, and discrimination due to their socio-cultural attributes. One of the reason that affects pregnant women in relation to seeking a health centre birth is the â€Å"maltreatment† they receive from health care providers. Such unethical treatment in general includes professional negligence, abusive language, discrimination, and interventions without granting permission (Moyer, Adongo, Aborigo, Hodgson, Engmann, 2014). They feel that the environment is not conducive for them. Thus, the fear of ill treatment from health care providers (especially, midwives and other female health workers) often discourages women from accessing health care to deliver their babies (Essendi, Mills, Fotso, 2010). The attitudes and approaches of health care providers must be facilitated in such a friendly manner so as to encourage midwife/nurse-t o-mother relationships to achieve optimal maternal outcomes. Another reason that often prevents pregnant women opting for hospital births is their fear of health workers’ keeping their placentas for disposal (without giving the placentas to them). Some women often use placentas to execute traditional ceremonials, and are concerned it will be difficult for them to take their placentas home. Such deprivation becomes a hindrance for some of them to access supervised delivery where appropriate and essential (Moyer, Adongo, Aborigo, Hodgson, Engmann, 2014). For that reason, establishing rapport and providing empathetic care and a compassionate attitude is expected. Transcultural conflicts in health are precluded when care is integrated harmoniously without cultural interference. Conclusion In conclusion, the emphasis on facilitating obstetric services for pregnant women performs an essential role in strengthening maternal and child health. Improving accessibility and reinforcement at all levels of the health care system is of paramount importance for obstetric services to function effectively. Professional conduct during the care is needed while as much as possible, accommodating socio-cultural attributes to attain best possible outcomes. Also, comprehensive community-based programs by health care providers relating to maternal health, has the potential to connect any existing socio-cultural barriers, and allow women to freely utilize obstetric care when necessary. Bibliography Akpabio, I., Edet, O., Etifit, R., Bassey, G. (2014). Womens Preference for Traditional Birth Attendants and Modern Health Care Practioners in Akpabuyo Community of Cross River State, Nigeria. Health Care for Women International, 35:1, 100-109. Boerleider, A., Wiegers, T., Mannien, J., Francke, A., Deville, W. (2013). Factors affecting the Use of Prenatal Care by Non-western Women in Industrialized Western Countries: A Systemic Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13:81, 1471-2393. Bravo, I., Noya, M. (2014). Culture in Prenatal Development: Parental Attitudes, Availability of Care, Expectations, Values and Nutrition. Child Youth Care Forum. 43, 521-538. Essendi, H., Mills, S., Fotso, C. (2010). Barriers to Formal Emergency Obstetric Care Services Utilization. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Vol.88, Suppl.2, S356-S369. Faisal, A., Tofayel, A. (2014). Influence of the Socio-cultural Factors in Health-seeking Behaviour of Women during Pregnancy in Rural Bangladesh . Journal of Exclusion Studies, Vol.4, Issue:1, 1-11. Kaphle, S., Hancock, H., Newman, L. (2013). Childbirth Traditions and Cultural Perceptions of Safety in Nepal: Critical Spaces to ensure the Survival of Mothers and Newborns in Remote Mountain Villages. Midwifery 29, 1173-1181. Koian, R. (2010). Women in Patrilineal and Matrilineal Societies in Melanesia. Madang, PNG: Bismark Ramu Group. Kosum, Z., Yurdakul, M. (2012). Factors Affecting the Use of Emergency Obstetric Care among Pregnant Women with Antenatal Bleeding. Midwifery 29, 440-446. Kuzma, J., Paofa, D., Kaugle, N., Catherina, T., Samiak, S., Kumei, E. (2013). Food Taboos and Traditional Customs Among Pregnant Women in Papua New Guinea: Missed Opportunity for Education in Antenatal Clinics. Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal, Vol.19, 1-11. Moyer, C., Adongo, P., Aborigo, R., Hodgson, A., Engmann, C. (2014). They treat you like you are not a human being: Maltreatment during Labour and Delivery in Rural Northern Ghana. Midwifery 30, 262-268. Sherry, S., Ornstein, A. (2014). The Preservation and Transmission of Cultural Values and Ideals: Challenges Facing Immigrant Families. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: A Topical Journal for Mental Health Professionals, 34:5, 452-462. Tao, L. (2014). Why do women interact with their parents more often then men? The demonstration effect vs. biological effect. The Social Science Journal, 1-11. Uzt, B., Siddiqui, G., Adegoke, A., Broeke, N. (2013). Definitions and Roles of a Skilled Birth Attendant: A Mapping Exercise from South-Asian Countries. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica (AOGS), 1-7. Yankuzo, K. (2014). Impact of Globalization on the Traditional African Cultures. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 4, 1-8. McKenzie Maviso1

Assumptions on Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is used to expand and update the information obtained from breakeven analysis. It is necessary to underline that the critical part of the analysis is defined as the point where total costs equal total revenues or, in other words, when fixed and variable costs equal total revenues. Actually, at this point the company is claimed not to experiences losses and gains. This breakeven point is an initial examination and CVP analysis follows it.Cost-volume-profit analysis shares similar important assumptions as breakeven analysis. These assumes are: †¢ The behavior of revenues and costs is claimed to be in linear throughout the relevant activity range. It means that the concept of volume discounts on either sales or purchased materials. †¢ The only factor affecting the costs is considered changes in activities. †¢ Costs are classified as variable and fixed and such classification is precise. †¢ No ending finished goods inventories are obs erved as all produced units are sold.†¢ The sales mix is constant when the company is selling more than one production line and sales mix is defined as the ration of each production line to total sales. One more essential assumption is that in case a unit is produced in a particular year, it should be sold this year as unsold units are distorting the analysis. Unsold products are marked in books and defined as finished goods inventory. Further, such units are re-classified as assets and they are transferred to the next year.However, the risk that these goods won’t be salable the next year because of deterioration and obsolescence is very high. CVP can be also used to develop probability distributions in manufacturing firms and in restaurant industry. CVP analysis is rather simple and it is often used too explore the potential profit and pricing decisions. References Caldwell, Ch. W. , & Welch, J. K. (1989). Applications of Cost-Profit-Volume Analysis in the Governmental Environment. Government Accountants Journal, Summer, 3–8. .

Contradictions of human Essay

‘Novelists and short-story writers have a less or more sympathetic interest in the contradictions of human behaviour.’ In what ways, and by what means, are such contradictions presented in works you have read? Contradictions of human behaviour are a part of human nature. Authors perceive this phenomena and choose to develop the contradictions in their characters, by showing the differences in how a character interacts with different people. The contradictions serve to illustrate of how a character does not play a role that he or she is expected to play. In the two novels â€Å"July’s People† by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"Madame Bovary† by Gustave Flaubert the contradictions are evident in for example July’s contrasting attitudes, Maureen’s transformation and Emma’s contradictory actions. A character’s persona is created by the way that he or she responds to another character. July is introduced in the beginning of the novel as being one of the many black servants that have waited on their white superiors. They have just arrived at July’s village which changes the circumstances and Bam and Maureen do not know how they should act. He is their servant and has been for the past fifteen years, yet he has changed roles to their host who is quite unwilling to let go of his newfound power. For example, July takes the keys of the bakkie and without asking takes it around to get supplies from stores but he also learns how to drive it. It would not mind Maureen and Bam so much if July had asked them, recognizing their possession over the bakkie. Because the bakkie is one of their only possessions at the village, they feel it is important to reinforce that it is theirs. At one point Bam feels it necessary to ask July â€Å"Is it yours July?† to make sure he understands that the real owners of the bakkie is actually him and Maureen. Moreover, prior to their refuge in July’s village, the Smales has only known the obedient side of July. However, the way that he bosses around his mother and his wife shows the authoritative side. The life in the village has been that the men are gone to the towns to earn money for them, thus while the men are gone leading a matriarchal family structure. When the men are home, however, they tend to nag about the decisions the man has made, but still accepts them. For instance, July’s mother keeps on insisting that the â€Å"white people will bring trouble† while July firmly states that this will not be the case and that they will be staying with them. It is not only July that acts differently towards the others. Towards her husband Emma Bovary appears to be a loving housewife, though outside her marriage she is adulterous. She tries desperately to be of the former, though she gets bored of Charles who is not the man that she has conjured up taking into consideration the romance novels that she has read in her childhood. Therefore she goes and tries to find someone who will fulfil her needs. However she is fully aware of the fact that the relationship with Rodolphe and Leon are not what she has dreamed of either. Though she is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve enough to give up everything for Rodolphe, seeing as she wants to elope with him. Even during the affair with Rodolphe, Emma seems to Charles as the most loving wife he could have. Though it is not until the relationship with Rodolphe failed and having received a letter from her father, that she beings to repent and tries in desperation to turn to God and become a faithful wife not only on th e outside but also in her inner feelings. The two female protagonists have some masculine features. Maureen, not so much at the beginning of the novel, but as it progresses her masculinity becomes more apparent in her efforts to find a place for herself in the village. She is also deprived of the comforts that she is used to in Johannesburg, even things for basic sanitation which disgusts Bam who no longer see her as attractive as he had seen her back home, even comparing her neck to his father’s. Moreover, without the routine of their married life, they find it difficult to continue their relationship as man and wife. When Maureen follows the black women to the fields one day, she is told soon after not to work by July, saying that the work the black women do are not fit for a white woman. This differentiates Maureen from the other women in the village, making her feel uncomfortable. Though it is clear that she does not have the same status as a man, as July does not treat her with as much respect as he would have done at home, as he yells at her in his own language, like he would do to one of his own women. Therefore she is confused by how she should act towards July and when she enters his women-free hut she must convince herself that she is different because â€Å"their relationship had been a working relationship.† Emma, on the other hand, is dominant in nature. Dominance being a masculine feature. She has admitted defeat over that she is a woman and therefore will not be acceptable to follow her dreams but she bosses around Charles in a way that she may be seen to be living off his life. For instance she persuades him to operate on Hippolyte’s leg. If it wouldn’t have been for her, he would not have attempted such a thing and Hippolyte may have kept his leg. Another example of her dominance in the marriage is when they are at the ball, Emma tells Charles not to dance as he will make a fool out of himself with his clumsiness. However, Emma has less claim to be at the ball as she is only a peasant’s daughter while Charles is at least middle class. Furthermore she dreams of belonging to the upper class, even though she knows that she will never fit into the picture as she is after all married to Charles. In conclusion, the authors develop the contradictions and incorporate them when developing a character. It is evident that people will have different reactions and emotions concerning various people which may contradict some of their actions or role in society. July shows a different side to himself confusing Maureen. Through this and other factors, she develops herself into a more masculine figure who becomes more independent of her family, symbolized by her crossing of the river at the end of the novel, while Emma is shown to be stuck in her situation and the only way out is concluded to be death.

Essay about Adolf Hitler - 2000 Words

Adolf Hitler did not live a very long life, but during his time he caused such a great deal of death and destruction that his actions still have an effect on the world nearly 50 years later. People ask what couldve happen to this small sickly boy during his childhood that wouldve led him do such horrible things? For Adolf it might have been society, rejection from his father, failure as an artist or was he born to hate?Adolf was born in Braunau, Austria in 1889. His father, Alois was a minor customs official, and his mother was a peasant girl. Adolf attended elementary school for four years and entered secondary school at the age of eleven. Adolfs dreams of becoming an artist did not match the government official job his father wanted†¦show more content†¦I grew sick to the stomach, I began to hate them. I became anti-Semitic.(1) In the spring of 1913 Hitler left for Munich, Germany at the age of 24. He left Vienna to get away from the mixture of races and to escape the mili tary that he had to serve in with Jews.The First World War in 1914 was Hitlers chance to let go of his frustrating childhood. Hitler proved to be a brave soldier and was wounded twice and decorated twice for bravery with the Iron Cross. Hitler, like many other Germans didnt believe they were defeated by Great Britain and the U.S. in 1918. They thought they had been stabbed in the back by the Jewish slackers. After the war Hitler found himself unemployed once again and began looking for a place in politics because he felt he could do something for the country. Shortly after Hitler returned to the army and was assigned to spy on political parties which the generals thought were communist, socialist, or pacifists. Hitler was ordered to investigate a small political group called the German Workers party. The next day he received an invitation to join the group. He decided after two days of questioning himself that he should join. After enrolling, Hitler later made it the largest political party in Germany, and became known as the Nazi Party. In 1921, the two years after he joined the party, he became the Fuhrer which is the leader of the Nazi Party. By 1923, Hitler believed he was strongShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler 794 Words   |  4 Pageshorrible attempt to annihilate certain races and religions was all brought upon by one man, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler took power in 1833 and immediately started his plan to exterminate the Jews. Hitler had the Nazi party behind him and eventually thousands of soldiers to help him invade the many countries for living Jews. He held rallies where he had speeches to his followers and had what is called the Hitler Youth Movement that teaches the youth on what only the Nazi’s racial and political influenceRead MoreAdolf Hitler1820 Words   |  8 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"The one who does not remember history is bound to live through it again† –George Santayana Adolf Hitler is known for having the greatest impact on Europe in all of history, especially Germany. Although the majority of people look down on him for his mass murder of about 6 million Jews in a short time period, his story of influence on a whole country is incredible. He started out as a boy from a little town in Austria with nothing more than a paintbrush and a dream; a dream to becomeRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1412 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all.† (Hitler 137) Hitler was driven by his hunger for power, causing the death of millions of innocent people. No one could have known the dramatic effect this man would soon have on the world. Adolf Hitler’s life began in Austria on April 20, 1889. Born at the Braunqu-am-inn. Hitler had four siblings Gustav Hitler, Ida Hitler, Paula Hitler, and Edmund Hitler. Gustav and Ida Hitler died in their infancy, while his brotherRead More Adolf Hitler Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler When most people think of Adolf Hitler, they think of a cruel person who killed many innocent Jews. The majority of people do not think of Hitler as the type of guy who would write plays and librettos for operas. Let alone do they think of him as the type of person who loved to read Westerns and play cowboys and Indians as a kid. Was Adolf Hitler a bad leader? Was there a side of Adolf Hitler that the world did not see? Hitler’s life impacted the world in many waysRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words   |  6 Pagespeople who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an event in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate the entire world, reshaping it accordingly to his desires and pleasures. The evidence of his pestiferous acrimony is all around us, making it quite difficult to believe he did it all on his own. Hitler is one who emerges from obscurity to shake the worldRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay12 77 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler 1889 - 1920 Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn. Hitler would one day lead a movement which would leave its mark in history. To understand him better, we must study his early life and roots. Family Information ================== Hitlers father, Alois was born in 1837. He was the son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber whose mate was unknown, but could have been Jewish. When Alois HitlerRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was one of the most feared and cruel men in world history, but how did he come to power? Hitler was one out of a few men to be feared by thousands of people. Hilter was responsible for killing millions of innocent people, mostly of the Jewish religion. He was the chancellor of Germany for 12 years and the leader of the Nazi party. He was a very important person in history, most notably during World War II. When Hitler was young he moved to a town named Vienna, this is where he acquiredRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essays1302 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler Hitler. The name says it all. He is said to be the incarnation of absolute evil. The devil himself. There have many dictators in the twentieth century that were considered harsh dictators; Mussolini,Stalin, Saddam Hussein, but no one like Adolf Hitler. Hitler’s rule over Germany had a major impact on history and the entire world. Adolf Hitler held the most powerful and cruelest dictatorship of the 20th century. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889 in the small Austrian villageRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1159 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born to Alois and Klara Hitler on April 20th, 1889. His childhood was unhappy, but not totally miserable. His father wanted him to be a civil servant, but Adolf wanted to become a painter. Hitler did well in Elementary school, but later on he failed miserably, which he blamed his teachers for. His father died in 1903, and Adolf dropped out of school two years later. In Mein Kampf (My Struggle), the autobiography Hitler dictated while in Landsberg prison in 1924Read MoreThe Impacts of Adolf Hitler1199 Words   |  5 PagesWhat impacts did Hitler have at the time and later in history? The start of World War II was one of the biggest impacts. There were many countries involved in this war. The major countries under the allies were Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union, and under the axis also had major countries like the Germany, japan, and Italy. The Germany was at its peak. And it was all because of one man, Adolf Hitler, he was one of the most dominant German le aders in history, no doubt about that. Other great leaders

21 Day Fix Plan Recipe - 2513 Words

21 Day Fix Plan Table of contents 1. Description 2. Introduction 3. Chapter 1: get your fix on! 4. Chapter 2: the magical elixir 5. Chapter 3: unlock your body’s healing potential 6. Chapter 4: 21 Day Fix Plan Recipes 7. Chapter 5: 21 Day Fix Meal Plan 8. Conclusion Description First and foremost, I would like to congratulate and thank you for purchasing the book â€Å"21 Day Fix Plan.† In this eBook, you will find adaptable and proven diet, fitness and overall health strategies that are all aimed at helping you shed the stubborn weight in a foolproof and sustainable way starting with a turbo charged 21 day plan. Embracing healthy, natural and nutrient dense whole foods that are endowed with high quality calories combined with a regular fitness regimen is the sole key to finding balance in your life and ultimately getting rid of the excess pounds once and for all. We are first going to start by defining and laying the foundation of the 21 Day Fix Plan by delving deeper into its philosophies and why you should follow it to effectively meet your weight loss goals. The second part will take you through healthy, mouth-wateringly tasty and simple recipes made from natural foods to start off your 21 day journey on a calorie-burning high. The 21 Day Fix Plan is the diet that changes your life starting today, so giddy up, it’s time to floor the pedal to the metal! Introduction Have we become such a vain people or are we honestly looking to become healthier? This is the primeShow MoreRelatedFad Diets Do Not Work For Long Term Weight Loss Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pagesin our country? Fad diets are everywhere; in the aisle at the supermarket, on the television infomercials, and Internet pop-up advertisements. Everywhere someone is saying you are fat, and here is how you fix it. Fad diets do not work for long term weight loss because they are a short-term fix used to treat a long-term problem. Before reviewing if these fad diets do provide successful weight loss, let s define successful weight loss. This definition could be different depending on the personRead MoreNative American Religion : Medicine And Spiritual Healing1694 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as a strong source of faith comes a long way when facing a medical condition. Many, will ask why is this such an important part in the healing process? Well when a person is ill they go to a doctor expecting them to find the problem and fix it, in many cases this is what happens because at this point in time our society has access to a lot of different types of technologies that allow us to extend life expectancy. This is just a fact, however, this is not always the case, and treatmentRead MoreDominos Marketing Plan4675 Words   |  19 Pagesincrease in costs of sales and advertisement, creating and releasing menu items that are organic/natural based or vegetarian will help Domino’s dominate the competition, while gaining three new market segments and positive PR. The following market plan will show in detail the opportunities Domino’s has on the horizon that they can utilize their competitively low prices for, and the steps and tactics they will need to implement in order to achieve success in this new field. Company Overview InRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan of Frito-Lay3370 Words   |  14 PagesIslamabad, Pakistan Anindita Mukherjee Senior VP and Chief Marketing Officer Frito-Lay North America 7701 Legacy Dr, Plano, TX Dear Ms. Anindita Mukherjee, We are pleased to submit you the report you requested on September 21, 2012. The report is entitled â€Å"Strategic Marketing Plan for Frito-Lay†. 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The Origins Of A Bitter Intellectual Battle - 1860 Words

Bauerlein, Mark. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: The Origins of a Bitter Intellectual Battle. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 46, 2005, pp. 106, ProQuest Central. http://ezproxy.surry.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/195539134?accountid=14179. The article entitled â€Å"Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: The Origins of a Bitter Intellectual Battle, by Mark Bauerlein, offered valid information to my research question. The main point of this article was to inform the reader of the similarities and differences between Washington and Du Bois (). At the start of the article, Bauerlein defines the stance that each of the men had on achieving equality for African Americans. Booker T. Washington†¦show more content†¦Du bois even congratulated Washington on this speech and was quotes as saying, â€Å"this might be the basis of a real settlement between whites and blacks in the South† (Bauerlein107). After the Atlanta speech, the fight for equality really took off. The two also worked together to organize protests against a bill that was introduced to the Georgia senate. The bill wanted to implement literacy tests to voters, but there was a â€Å"grandfather clause† that exempted whites from having to take the literacy test (Bauerlein 110). Even after Washington and Du Bois ended their personal friendship, they both tried to up hold respect for one another and accomplish the common goal. In a conference hosted by W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington was quoted as stating that â€Å"the work Dr. Du Bois is doing will stand for years as a monument to his ability, wisdom and faithfulness (Bauderlein112). This was a very easy to read article that helped to further my research. Johnston, Keith and Elwood Watson. â€Å"The W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington Debate: Effects upon African American Roles in Engineering and Engineering Technology.† The Journal of Technology Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, 1 Nov. 2004, pp. 65–70. JSTOR, doi:10.21061/jots. v30i4. a.10. In the academic journal, â€Å"The W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington Debate: Effects upon African American Roles in Engineering and Engineering Technology†, Keith V. Johnson and Elwood Watson take a close look at theShow MoreRelatedThe Double Consciousness By. B Du Bois1651 Words   |  7 Pagesfully dismiss white ideology because his identity is comprised of white education and cultural appropriation.† Deconstructing western ideology is problematic when black writers and intellectuals like Du Bois are fighting for authentic blackness and are also practicing western theory that derives from the non-European origin. The Harlem movement would have to become a universal phenomenon, changing the world’s conception of racial identity and ideology. 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Social Science Research Methods

Question: Discuss about theSocial Science Research Methods. Answer: Introduction: In the recent years, most of the Australian universities have been experiencing the enhancement of the industry due to the international students. The Singaporean students have shown adequate interest in acquiring the higher degree from the Australian Universities. In this context, the research methods on the Singaporean students and their interest in having knowledge from the Australian university have been discussed in an appropriate manner. In the discussion section, the methodology of the research has been discussed in context to the research topic. Moreover, the research process and the ethical issues of the topic have been highlighted in this particular essay. Discussion: By analyzing the provided article, it can be assessed that the interest of the Singaporean students for acquiring a higher degree from the Australian Universities has been increasing in an efficient manner. It has been seen that over the past decade, most of the Singaporean students, who have the ability to spend extra financial resources have chosen Australia to acquire a high degree (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). In this context, the research would be executed through qualitative method. The qualitative research method would be employed in the particular research in order to evaluate the challenges of the research topic. The investigator will select the research topic of Singaporean students studying abroad. For accumulating the information, the researcher would select the potential respondents from the different sources. In this scenario, the researcher would select the professors of the Australian Universities for accumulating the topic related information. The entire research would be based on the primary data. The primary data would allow the investigator to highlight the current market statistics of the Australian education sectors. At the initial stage, I would go to the selected Australian universities to approach the professors in the interview process. However, it would be a difficult task for the professors to manage time for the interview. The selection of the respondents would be dependent on the experiences of the key professionals. Without engaging the experienced professionals, I would not be able to accumulate in-depth knowledge on the particular research topic. The central research question would be the based on the need of the Australian educational degree to the Singap orean students. With the involvement of the key professionals of the Australian universities, I would focus on highlighting the Australian higher education system. Consequently, the accumulated information would facilitate me in understanding why the Singaporean students are increasing in numbers in the Australian universities. In the methodology section, I would employ different tools and techniques in this assignment. The qualitative data analysis technique would be utilized in the research for evaluating the rationale of the research topic in an efficient manner (Mackey Gass, 2015). On the other hand, the qualitative research method is more focused on the analyzing the research topic rather identifying the previous research activities. For conducting the qualitative research, five professors of the Australian universities will be approached. There are different forms of the interview including focus group interview, personal interview, etc. The qualitative data accumulation technique would be based on the focus group interview. In the focus group interview, the participants would be able to understand others point of views on the research topic. I would arrange the particular interview process in a systematic manner where each participant would get the opportunity to highlight the discussion for minimum 25-30 minutes timeframe. Within this allocated timeframe, the participants would be able to identify the research topic of Singaporean studying abroad. On the other hand, the participants would face 5-10 questions for analyzing the particular research topic. Different types of questions would be asked of the participants. For instance, the respondents would be requested to highlight the importance of the higher degree of the Australian universities and how these degrees indeed facilitate the Singaporean students in developing their career in the diverse professional fields including medical and law. Moreover, the respondents would also be asked for evaluating the challenges of the Singaporean students to acquire a higher educational degree from the renowned universities of Australia including the University of Sydney, University of Queensland, and University of the South Australia, etc. Besides this, I would also ask the respondents to discuss the involvement of the local governmen t for enhancing the particular education system in an effectual manner. Although the Singapore government has started recognizing the Juris Doctor (JD) degrees from the 10 Australian universities, they must have been focused on providing more facilities to the students having the interest to acquire a higher degree from Australia. Hence, these legislative related questions would be asked to the respondents in order to analyze the research topic in an appropriate manner. The research strategy will include a particular process for engaging the respondents in the focused group interview. At the initial stage, the research topic will be selected. In the next stage, the respondents will be selected based on the probability sampling technique. In this context, the probability sampling technique will be selected in order to obtain the reliable data from the respondents (Panneerselvam, 2014). The particular research topic needs to analyze in a detailed manner. Hence, the probability sampling has been employed for the enhancement of the quality of the data. Although it will be difficult to engage the professors of the universities in the interview session, I would try to involve at least 5 respondents for the particular research activity. In this context, the respondents would be asked to be involved in the focused group interview where each of the participants would obtain 25-30 minutes timeframe for highlighting their point of views about the research topi c. However, if any respondents would not be able to get involved in the interview process due to the lack of time, they would be given facility to take their points on the topic utilizing the online platform such as Skype. After accumulating the research data from the respondents, I would analyze them in an efficient manner. Hence, it can be assessed that the engagement of the qualitative data analysis technique would be the best solution for analyzing the research topic. In the research execution process, different ethics will be followed. During the interview, the respondents should not be pressurized for providing knowledge on the particular topic (Pickard, 2012). Besides this, the data protection needs to be maintained while executing the research. The accumulated data should not be utilized for other purposes. Moreover, the respondents need to be aware of all research details (Silverman, 2016). There should not be any hidden condition for the respondents, as it might create difficulties to obtain fair outcome from the research. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the particular research will be conducted through primary research. For analyzing the data, the qualitative method will be utilized, as the particular process will be able to highlight the key issues of the research topic. In this assignment, the selection process of the research information has been highlighted in a detailed manner. Moreover, the involvement of the discussion on the methodology has identified a process to accumulate data from different sources. On the other hand, the particular assignment also has highlighted the ethical issues for executing the particular research topic. Hence, it can be assessed that the research analysis on the topic of Singaporean studying abroad has been conducted in a systematic manner. References: Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A. (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.