21 Day Fix Plan Recipe - 2513 Words

21 Day Fix Plan Table of contents 1. Description 2. Introduction 3. Chapter 1: get your fix on! 4. Chapter 2: the magical elixir 5. Chapter 3: unlock your body’s healing potential 6. Chapter 4: 21 Day Fix Plan Recipes 7. Chapter 5: 21 Day Fix Meal Plan 8. Conclusion Description First and foremost, I would like to congratulate and thank you for purchasing the book â€Å"21 Day Fix Plan.† In this eBook, you will find adaptable and proven diet, fitness and overall health strategies that are all aimed at helping you shed the stubborn weight in a foolproof and sustainable way starting with a turbo charged 21 day plan. Embracing healthy, natural and nutrient dense whole foods that are endowed with high quality calories combined with a regular fitness regimen is the sole key to finding balance in your life and ultimately getting rid of the excess pounds once and for all. We are first going to start by defining and laying the foundation of the 21 Day Fix Plan by delving deeper into its philosophies and why you should follow it to effectively meet your weight loss goals. The second part will take you through healthy, mouth-wateringly tasty and simple recipes made from natural foods to start off your 21 day journey on a calorie-burning high. The 21 Day Fix Plan is the diet that changes your life starting today, so giddy up, it’s time to floor the pedal to the metal! Introduction Have we become such a vain people or are we honestly looking to become healthier? This is the primeShow MoreRelatedFad Diets Do Not Work For Long Term Weight Loss Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pagesin our country? Fad diets are everywhere; in the aisle at the supermarket, on the television infomercials, and Internet pop-up advertisements. Everywhere someone is saying you are fat, and here is how you fix it. Fad diets do not work for long term weight loss because they are a short-term fix used to treat a long-term problem. Before reviewing if these fad diets do provide successful weight loss, let s define successful weight loss. This definition could be different depending on the personRead MoreNative American Religion : Medicine And Spiritual Healing1694 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as a strong source of faith comes a long way when facing a medical condition. Many, will ask why is this such an important part in the healing process? Well when a person is ill they go to a doctor expecting them to find the problem and fix it, in many cases this is what happens because at this point in time our society has access to a lot of different types of technologies that allow us to extend life expectancy. This is just a fact, however, this is not always the case, and treatmentRead MoreDominos Marketing Plan4675 Words   |  19 Pagesincrease in costs of sales and advertisement, creating and releasing menu items that are organic/natural based or vegetarian will help Domino’s dominate the competition, while gaining three new market segments and positive PR. The following market plan will show in detail the opportunities Domino’s has on the horizon that they can utilize their competitively low prices for, and the steps and tactics they will need to implement in order to achieve success in this new field. Company Overview InRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan of Frito-Lay3370 Words   |  14 PagesIslamabad, Pakistan Anindita Mukherjee Senior VP and Chief Marketing Officer Frito-Lay North America 7701 Legacy Dr, Plano, TX Dear Ms. Anindita Mukherjee, We are pleased to submit you the report you requested on September 21, 2012. The report is entitled â€Å"Strategic Marketing Plan for Frito-Lay†. This report provides information of current and potential target market for Frito-Lay. This document consists and concentrates on the existing marketing strategies and recommends strategies to improve theRead MoreGap Model3081 Words   |  13 Pagesquality of the organization. Service quality is suppose to be consistent, reliable and accountable for any business, however gaps in service quality can lead to unsatisfied customers and loss of business. The Gaps Model of Service Quality is used to fix the gaps of the service that is being provided. They include: †¢ The Customer Gap- The difference between customer’s expectations and perceptions. †¢ Gap 1 (Listening Gap) –The difference between the customers expectations of service and theRead MoreBrewery Vivant Essay6207 Words   |  25 Pages ROOT PROBLEMS? 15 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES 15 Considering the Ansoff Matrix: 15 Considering other strategies: 16 Part II TACTICAL MARKETING MIX IMPLEMENTATION 17 Promotions 17 PRO-FORMA MARKETING BUDGET 19 PLAN CONTROL 19 SOURCES 21 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper examines opportunities for Brewery Vivant, a regional brewery in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to increase sales to reach their target of 5,000 barrels a year. An analysis of the company’s market positioningRead MoreWalmart Case study Essay3769 Words   |  16 PagesSimon said Wal-Mart was â€Å"getting worse† at stocking shelves, according to minutes of the meeting obtained by Bloomberg News. Simon said â€Å"self-inflicted wounds† were Wal-Mart’s â€Å"biggest risk† and that an executive vice president had been appointed to fix the restocking problem, according to the minutes (Dudley, 2013). Here we are months after that has happened and the issue has not been resolved. Mr. Simon was completely correct, these are self-inflicting wounds that by not being addressed do presentRead MoreBlue Ribbon Case Study3792 Words   |  16 Pageswritten solely for the purposes of classroom discussion and not to illustrate effective or ineffective marketing decision making. Although based on real events, the company name and certain operating data are disguised. Marketing Education Review, vol. 21, no. 2 (summer 2011), pp. 177–182.  © 2011 Society for Marketing Advances. All rights reserved. ISSN 1052-8008 / 2011 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/MER1052-8008210207 178 Marketing Education Review Although the business was growing, Mrs. BleuRead MoreBrewster Seaview Landscaping Company Essay3595 Words   |  15 Pagesdetect the problems. As soon as Joe as diagnosed the situation, it will allow him to list and evaluate the alternative decisions he can make, which is the fourth step in this process. By having evaluating alternative decisions, Joe always has a backup plan in case his first decision does not work out. The fifth step is selecting the best course of action. Since Joe has already listed and evaluated the alternatives, he will know which the best course of action is. The next step is for Joe to implementRead MoreAccounting12472 Words   |  50 PagesArthur Bigg and Isaac Glowbell’s Herbal Elixir recipe. They plan to manufacture and sell it on a commercial scale. The Bigg family had branches on the east coast of the U.S. and in England. The first commercial-scale production of Herbal Elixir begins in Eureka, Nevada, after complaints from the neighbors persuade the family that the basement in their brownstone was unsuitable for commercial operations. Arthur and Isaac institute a profit-sharing plan with employees. BG establishes its own traveling

The Origins Of A Bitter Intellectual Battle - 1860 Words

Bauerlein, Mark. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: The Origins of a Bitter Intellectual Battle. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 46, 2005, pp. 106, ProQuest Central. http://ezproxy.surry.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/195539134?accountid=14179. The article entitled â€Å"Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: The Origins of a Bitter Intellectual Battle, by Mark Bauerlein, offered valid information to my research question. The main point of this article was to inform the reader of the similarities and differences between Washington and Du Bois (). At the start of the article, Bauerlein defines the stance that each of the men had on achieving equality for African Americans. Booker T. Washington†¦show more content†¦Du bois even congratulated Washington on this speech and was quotes as saying, â€Å"this might be the basis of a real settlement between whites and blacks in the South† (Bauerlein107). After the Atlanta speech, the fight for equality really took off. The two also worked together to organize protests against a bill that was introduced to the Georgia senate. The bill wanted to implement literacy tests to voters, but there was a â€Å"grandfather clause† that exempted whites from having to take the literacy test (Bauerlein 110). Even after Washington and Du Bois ended their personal friendship, they both tried to up hold respect for one another and accomplish the common goal. In a conference hosted by W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington was quoted as stating that â€Å"the work Dr. Du Bois is doing will stand for years as a monument to his ability, wisdom and faithfulness (Bauderlein112). This was a very easy to read article that helped to further my research. Johnston, Keith and Elwood Watson. â€Å"The W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington Debate: Effects upon African American Roles in Engineering and Engineering Technology.† The Journal of Technology Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, 1 Nov. 2004, pp. 65–70. JSTOR, doi:10.21061/jots. v30i4. a.10. In the academic journal, â€Å"The W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington Debate: Effects upon African American Roles in Engineering and Engineering Technology†, Keith V. Johnson and Elwood Watson take a close look at theShow MoreRelatedThe Double Consciousness By. B Du Bois1651 Words   |  7 Pagesfully dismiss white ideology because his identity is comprised of white education and cultural appropriation.† Deconstructing western ideology is problematic when black writers and intellectuals like Du Bois are fighting for authentic blackness and are also practicing western theory that derives from the non-European origin. The Harlem movement would have to become a universal phenomenon, changing the world’s conception of racial identity and ideology. Du- Bois’ solution for the deconstruction ofRead MoreThe Case Of Japan With Saigo Takamori1463 Words   |  6 Pagescomes to the origin of why they betrayed their country, the society of the time, who they were against, and the aftermath of their actions. When such factors are taken into consideration, Claus von Stauffenberg’s actions of disloyalty for his government for the greater good should be held in higher regard in public memory. Japan in at the end of the nineteenth century was going through a change in government. The old system, the shogunate, had been toppled by a group of intellectual, Saigo includedRead MoreChildhood Memories Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagescartoons, and press releases Arrival of American troops on the front lines in 1918 was critical because they provided all of the following EXCEPT______________________ messages demanding unconditional surrender The Versailles treaty was a bitter disappointment to President Wilsons supporters, but his Fourteen Points were honored in the inclusion of___________________ the League of Nations The Red scare of 1919 and 1920 was a_______________________ reaction to labor unrest, Russian BolshevismRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 Pagesinner struggles; a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important that strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a fondness for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic.(Barzun, Jaques. Pg 157-159) Romanticism was preceded by several related developments from the mid-18thRead MoreSatan in Paradaise Lost and Dantes Inferno1138 Words   |  5 Pages After God created the Earth and mankind, all was right in the Holy kingdom. That is until, a friend, the bearer of light, the morning star fell in battle and ultimately in darkness. This fateful battle made true everything we know and live now. Milton and Dante play on this every concept in two very dif ferent ways, for Milton a cunning reflection of man and for Dante an animalisitic dunce. Milton and Dante use the Bible stories as a backdrop for their epic poems of love and of loss whereinRead MorePowers of Horror by Julia Kristeva, Questions and Answers1384 Words   |  6 Pagesand Freud, how are we all ‘strangers to ourselves’, even in our own countries? Does a foreigner have to be rooted from one’s origin to be a ‘stranger’? Can the feminine incite the ‘stranger’ within and function as a mark of foreign-ness? To what extent is it possible to become a foreigner to one’s own motherland and to the self as a deliberate method to catalyse intellectual and imaginative development? At the beginning of Strangers to Ourselves first chapter ‘Toccata and Fugue for the Foreigner’Read MoreWhat Is the Purpose of Inner Conflict (Poet vs Skinhead) in Tony Harrison ’S V?2105 Words   |  9 Pagespurpose of this inner conflict between the skinhead and the poet we will discover that this conflict firstly derives from inside him. This inner conflict is Harrison‘s own questioning where he belongs. Coming from a working class and then becoming an intellectual, Harrison identifies a mismatch of his background with his current status as an educated poet. Harrison seems to recognize that poetry is a communicative way of expressing thoughts and passing an opinion to public but does not ignore the fact thatRead MoreA Critical Examination Of The Inter Relationship Between Ethnicity And Nationalism3494 Words   |  14 Pagesdifferent identities formed during the process of the evolution of a nation-state. Grounded on questionable arguments, the inter-rela tionship between ethnicity and nationalism in Eritrea remains a subject of intellectual dispute. A debate can be drawn between literature dismissing ethnic origins of nationalism in Eritrea (Venosa, 2014; Jacqin-Berdal, 2002 and Favali and Pateman, 2003) and nationalists claiming ethnicity as a contributing factor in the evolution of national identity (e.g. Negash, 1986)Read MoreEssay on Act One Of Othello2439 Words   |  10 Pagesaudience’s pleasure consists not merely in observing the play, but criticizing, evaluating and making comparisons. These activities produce pleasure, thus it is not a mindless pleasure. There must be intellectual and emotional engagement on the spectator’s part. According to Aristotle, to stimulate the intellectual engagement of the audience and thus create this pleasure in the spectator, a masterful piece of art or literature must contain a degree of ambiguity in its ideas. This is the reason for the socialRead More Quit Wasting Valuable Time and Resources Essays2464 Words   |  10 PagesQuit Wasting Valuable Time and Resources It is vital that present and future generations of school children in American public schools continue to be taught and understand Charles Darwin’s theories about evolution. Battles have been waged by Americans both in and out of the courtroom for generations so that educators may have the privilege to choose appropriate scientific curriculum for our students. If America is to continue to be a leader of scientific research, young minds must be educated

Social Science Research Methods

Question: Discuss about theSocial Science Research Methods. Answer: Introduction: In the recent years, most of the Australian universities have been experiencing the enhancement of the industry due to the international students. The Singaporean students have shown adequate interest in acquiring the higher degree from the Australian Universities. In this context, the research methods on the Singaporean students and their interest in having knowledge from the Australian university have been discussed in an appropriate manner. In the discussion section, the methodology of the research has been discussed in context to the research topic. Moreover, the research process and the ethical issues of the topic have been highlighted in this particular essay. Discussion: By analyzing the provided article, it can be assessed that the interest of the Singaporean students for acquiring a higher degree from the Australian Universities has been increasing in an efficient manner. It has been seen that over the past decade, most of the Singaporean students, who have the ability to spend extra financial resources have chosen Australia to acquire a high degree (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). In this context, the research would be executed through qualitative method. The qualitative research method would be employed in the particular research in order to evaluate the challenges of the research topic. The investigator will select the research topic of Singaporean students studying abroad. For accumulating the information, the researcher would select the potential respondents from the different sources. In this scenario, the researcher would select the professors of the Australian Universities for accumulating the topic related information. The entire research would be based on the primary data. The primary data would allow the investigator to highlight the current market statistics of the Australian education sectors. At the initial stage, I would go to the selected Australian universities to approach the professors in the interview process. However, it would be a difficult task for the professors to manage time for the interview. The selection of the respondents would be dependent on the experiences of the key professionals. Without engaging the experienced professionals, I would not be able to accumulate in-depth knowledge on the particular research topic. The central research question would be the based on the need of the Australian educational degree to the Singap orean students. With the involvement of the key professionals of the Australian universities, I would focus on highlighting the Australian higher education system. Consequently, the accumulated information would facilitate me in understanding why the Singaporean students are increasing in numbers in the Australian universities. In the methodology section, I would employ different tools and techniques in this assignment. The qualitative data analysis technique would be utilized in the research for evaluating the rationale of the research topic in an efficient manner (Mackey Gass, 2015). On the other hand, the qualitative research method is more focused on the analyzing the research topic rather identifying the previous research activities. For conducting the qualitative research, five professors of the Australian universities will be approached. There are different forms of the interview including focus group interview, personal interview, etc. The qualitative data accumulation technique would be based on the focus group interview. In the focus group interview, the participants would be able to understand others point of views on the research topic. I would arrange the particular interview process in a systematic manner where each participant would get the opportunity to highlight the discussion for minimum 25-30 minutes timeframe. Within this allocated timeframe, the participants would be able to identify the research topic of Singaporean studying abroad. On the other hand, the participants would face 5-10 questions for analyzing the particular research topic. Different types of questions would be asked of the participants. For instance, the respondents would be requested to highlight the importance of the higher degree of the Australian universities and how these degrees indeed facilitate the Singaporean students in developing their career in the diverse professional fields including medical and law. Moreover, the respondents would also be asked for evaluating the challenges of the Singaporean students to acquire a higher educational degree from the renowned universities of Australia including the University of Sydney, University of Queensland, and University of the South Australia, etc. Besides this, I would also ask the respondents to discuss the involvement of the local governmen t for enhancing the particular education system in an effectual manner. Although the Singapore government has started recognizing the Juris Doctor (JD) degrees from the 10 Australian universities, they must have been focused on providing more facilities to the students having the interest to acquire a higher degree from Australia. Hence, these legislative related questions would be asked to the respondents in order to analyze the research topic in an appropriate manner. The research strategy will include a particular process for engaging the respondents in the focused group interview. At the initial stage, the research topic will be selected. In the next stage, the respondents will be selected based on the probability sampling technique. In this context, the probability sampling technique will be selected in order to obtain the reliable data from the respondents (Panneerselvam, 2014). The particular research topic needs to analyze in a detailed manner. Hence, the probability sampling has been employed for the enhancement of the quality of the data. Although it will be difficult to engage the professors of the universities in the interview session, I would try to involve at least 5 respondents for the particular research activity. In this context, the respondents would be asked to be involved in the focused group interview where each of the participants would obtain 25-30 minutes timeframe for highlighting their point of views about the research topi c. However, if any respondents would not be able to get involved in the interview process due to the lack of time, they would be given facility to take their points on the topic utilizing the online platform such as Skype. After accumulating the research data from the respondents, I would analyze them in an efficient manner. Hence, it can be assessed that the engagement of the qualitative data analysis technique would be the best solution for analyzing the research topic. In the research execution process, different ethics will be followed. During the interview, the respondents should not be pressurized for providing knowledge on the particular topic (Pickard, 2012). Besides this, the data protection needs to be maintained while executing the research. The accumulated data should not be utilized for other purposes. Moreover, the respondents need to be aware of all research details (Silverman, 2016). There should not be any hidden condition for the respondents, as it might create difficulties to obtain fair outcome from the research. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the particular research will be conducted through primary research. For analyzing the data, the qualitative method will be utilized, as the particular process will be able to highlight the key issues of the research topic. In this assignment, the selection process of the research information has been highlighted in a detailed manner. Moreover, the involvement of the discussion on the methodology has identified a process to accumulate data from different sources. On the other hand, the particular assignment also has highlighted the ethical issues for executing the particular research topic. Hence, it can be assessed that the research analysis on the topic of Singaporean studying abroad has been conducted in a systematic manner. References: Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A. (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

The Stranger Essay Research Paper The StrangerThe free essay sample

The Stranger Essay, Research Paper The Stranger The Stranger, by Albert Camus, is about the life of a really complex character named Meursault. Meursault is a really quiet individual who seldom shows any external emotions when a state of affairs in which most people would. He displays limited feelings for his girlfriend, Marie Cardona, and shows no compunction at all for killing an Arab. He remains this manner through most of the book, but towards the terminal he starts to understand his feelings better. Meursault s reactions to life and to people tend to distance him from his emotions and from his relationships with others. In the opening scene of the book, we find out that his female parent has merely died. The first page entirely gives many intimations about Meursault # 8217 ; s character and it shows him to be about unaware of his emotions. He feels the demand to apologise for things that are out of his control and to thank people for things that they had nil to make with. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger Essay Research Paper The StrangerThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He fundamentally apologizes to his foreman when he asks for two yearss off of work to travel the funeral for his dead female parent. He goes through the full funeral without exposing any external emotions, stating that he doesn # 8217 ; t want to see the organic structure and that he doesn # 8217 ; t want to pay his last respects. He smokes and drinks java with the caretaker, which is considered unusual in the topographic point and clip the narrative takes topographic point. At the terminal of Part 1, Meursault shoots and kills an Arab adult male. After he kills the Arab, he describes the feeling like, # 8220 ; it was like strike harding four speedy times at the door of unhappiness. # 8221 ; ( 59 ) He merely describes it as sadness, something comparatively mild on a graduated table of emotions. Toward the terminal of the book he remarks that he wanted to snog a adult male, and tells us that this is the first clip he has of all time had this feeling. He wants to give thanks to Celeste, a adult male who owns a eating house under the same name and where Meursault often eats. This shows that he experiences emotions and even though he doesn # 8217 ; t normally act on it, it # 8217 ; s still at that place. There is one other case towards the terminal of the book where Meursault # 8217 ; s emotions about break through to the surface. He says that he feels like weeping, which he hasn # 8217 ; t felt like in old ages, because he could experience how much ev eryone at his test hates him. Meursault believes love doesn Ts exist, he doesn # 8217 ; t understand what it is and thinks that it is nonmeaningful. When Marie, his girlfriend, asks him if he loves her, he replies that he doesn # 8217 ; t believe love agencies anything, but that he besides doesn # 8217 ; t think so. When she asks him a 2nd clip, his response is the same. She asks him to get married her and he is really non-reactive about it. Alternatively of stating a definite yes or no, he says that it is up to her and that if she wants them to be married so he will travel along with it. The relationship humor h his female parent besides shows a deficiency of love, although, there is one case where he says that he likely did love his female parent, but that it still didn’t average anything. At his test, the prosecuting officer shows these features to the jury to convert them that he is non a normal individual and this leads them to the determination that he is a cold blooded liquidator. Meursault illustrates that adult male has freedom of pick, # 8220 ; It was so that I realized that you could either shoot or non shoot. # 8221 ; ( 56 ) He sees the picks that he can do and that effects of his actions are traveling to impact him. At this point he does non hit, but subsequently on he rethinks his determination and hit the Arab. He ends up paying the effects after he is arrested and finally he realizes what he has done. # 8220 ; I was about to state that precisely, because they were felons, but so I realized that I was one too. # 8221 ; ( 69 ) There is besides a scene in the courtroom when he thinks to himself that he is guilty. He admits that he has to pay for what he has done and thinks to himself, # 8220 ; I was guilty, I was paying for it, and nil more could be asked of me. # 8221 ; ( 75 ) Towards the terminal of the book he thinks a batch about his decease, but non in a negative manner, about in a funny manner. He thinks about his male parent traveling to witness an executing and thinks to himself, # 8220 ; There s nil more of import than an executing and that it # 8217 ; s the lone thing a adult male could genuinely be interested in. # 8221 ; ( 110 ) He wonders what it will experience like to mount the scaffolding up to the closure by compartment. He believes that the universe is apathetic or hostile, and that there truly is no point to it. Meursault believes that there is no such thing as human nature. By extinguishing emotions, love affair, and fond regards, non much of what is considered human nature remains. Peoples may take to make what they wish every bit long as they are responsible for their actions and face the effects. He reads a narrative in the newspaper while he is in gaol about a adult male being beaten to decease by his ain sister and female parent who didn # 8217 ; t know that it was their comparative, # 8220 ; absolutely natural. # 8221 ; ( 80 ) This shows that he believes there is a deficiency of human nature, or at least that he believes in a different human nature than most. Another quotation mark that supports the fact that there is no such thing as human nature and that people are alone is when he talks about the attorney, stating that, # 8220 ; He didn # 8217 ; t understand me, and was kind of keeping it against me. # 8221 ; ( 66 ) Meursault is isolated and alone ; he finds the universe to be hostile, life to be unaccountable and love affair to be a figment of your imaginativeness. These are all shown in assorted cases throughout the book. The complexness of this character and seeking to calculate out what is traveling through Meursault # 8217 ; s head is why this is such a great book.

Pregnancy law Uk

Pregnancy law Uk In legal terms, attempts to bring about equality between men and women in the workplace have failed, mainly because the view of what is equality is based on a false premise: attempts at equality have reinforced the traditional stereotype of 'men's' work and 'women's' work and have failed to address the structural inequalities that traditionally. This paper will seek to examine and critically evaluate the legislation and case law of the UK and the European Community (EC) on pregnancy dismissals in employment. The main thrust of the paper will be an attempt to ask to what extent should women be protected by law against detrimental treatment on grounds of pregnancy. That this seemingly simple question needs to be asked is evident from the troubled manner in which UK courts have so far dealt with the matter and from the fact that it is only recently that the EU has passed a directive on the issue.L-12-02-15-B-003The legislation and case law also challenge the stereotypical assumption tha t a 'woman's place is in the home'. In this area the law is forced to confront the old accepted traditional divisions between 'men's' work and 'women's' work. The paper will also show that for women in the UK, it is our membership of the EU which offers the most realistic hope of obtaining a true equality, or indeed a special recognition of the unique status of pregnancy.IntroductionPregnancy discrimination has its roots as far back as the industrial revolution. It grew out of the paternalistic notion that women needed to be 'protected' by men from the heavy, dirty jobs arising in the new industries such as coal and steel. It was the husband who supported his family: he earned the family wage and it was the woman who remained at home to care for...

Dialogue Dos and Donts

Dialogue Dos and Donts Dialogue Dos and Donts Dialogue Dos and Donts By Erin In the post Show, Dont Tell, I mentioned dialogue as one of the ways you can â€Å"show† your reader what’s happening in a scene. Effective dialogue is an essential part of both fiction and creative nonfiction writing. Good dialogue can be tricky. It needs to move the story forward and reveal important character information without seeming artificial. It needs to seem realistic without actually being realistic. Confused? Let’s break it down. Here are some things good dialogue should do: It should follow some simple grammatical rules. Dialogue should be enclosed within quotation marks. Each new line of dialogue is indented, and a new paragraph should be started every time a new person is speaking. It should be concise. Long, wordy passages of dialogue might seem like a good way to get information across, but they can be tedious for the reader. It should communicate character information. Good dialogue lets the reader know something about the person speaking it. It should be broken up with action. People don’t typically stop everything when they talk. They fidget. They keep washing the dishes. They pace. Don’t forget that your characters aren’t static. And here are a few dialogue don’ts: Don’t get too crazy with dialogue tags. Usually, a few well-placed â€Å"he saids† or â€Å"she replieds† will do the trick. If your dialogue is well-written, it should be clear who is speaking, even without the tags. Don’t go overboard with backstory. You should never use dialogue to tell the readers things your characters already know. Don’t use too much dialogue. Your readers don’t need to know everything your characters say, word-for-word. Dialogue should be chosen carefully. Don’t try to be too realistic. Our actual speech wouldn’t make great dialogue. We say â€Å"um† and â€Å"uh† a lot. We trail off in the middle of sentences. We change subjects without warning. Good dialogue should approximate real speech, not mimic it. To give you an example of what dialogue should look like here’s the opening of a short story I wrote, titled Me: What do we do now? Shadows from the single candle flickered on Heathers face. It masked the basement smell with green apple. She rolled her eyes at me. Nothing, Kristy. Just wait. I sighed. I was sick of waiting. My arms, and my butt, were starting to hurt. I drummed my fingers impatiently on the plastic pointer thingy. Stop it, Heather hissed. Youll make them mad. Make who mad? The spirits, stupid. Right. The spirits. Like I really believed the spirits were going to talk to us on a piece of Parker Brothers cardboard. The words exchanged between Kristy and Heather let us know something about their respective moods and character traits. In just that brief opening, we already know something about them. So how can you improve your dialogue? Read. Pay attention to what your favorite authors do well, and what they dont. Listen. Pay attention to what natural speech sounds like, and be sure to use those natural rhythms in your writing. Read aloud. Read your own dialogue out loud, to yourself or to a friend, to test yourself. Youll be writing dialogue like a pro before you know it! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss45 Idioms with "Roll"

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender Portrayal in the Film Bad Guy - Essay Example It starts by a guy (Han-Ki) spotting a young lady (Sun-Hwa) sited on a bench across the street and decides to sit beside her. His constant glare towards her makes her uncomfortable and she sees it as rude. She moves away from her and runs to greet her boyfriend. The man grabs her and forcefully kisses her, the witnessing soldiers intervene beats up this guy. She demands an apology, but the guy remains adamant. It leads to her spitting on him, introducing the hidden desire for obsession and vengeance in motion. It is revealed later that the impetuous, quiet gangster is a pimp. Later, the young girl in the street is implicated in a cash theft which lands her in a brothel. It would be unwise to assume that the theme of Bad Guy is about revenge; the plot revolves around the escapades between captor and captive and the director Kim seems not to be arriving at a particular theme. The beguilingly and controversial climax of the film leaves viewers with hard questions to ponder. Therefore, Bad Guy can be termed as an enigmatic piece of work displaying the common issues affecting the society inclusive of race and gender themes. Kim Ki-duk is known as one of the prolific directors in Korea. He is majorly recognized as a remarkable movie producer outside Korea with his movies receiving a number of international awards. For example, the film Samaritan Girl (2004) has gotten him a prestigious international award for best director in the Silver Bear awards. It is fascinating that despite Kim Ki-duk’s international identification as a leading movie director in Korea, back in South Korea his reputation is mixed with many controversies. He has many discontented detractors and a small flock of enthusiastic supporters. He is well reckoned for his unreserved and painterly images.

History, Consuption of BLUE JEANS (FASHION in U.S History) assignment Research Paper

History, Consuption of BLUE JEANS (FASHION in U.S History) assignment - Research Paper Example It looked dark blue as it was generally colored with indigo, a type of colorant derived from plants in India and America. Almost 20 million tons of indigo is produced for the dyeing of jeans every year, though each pair of jeans requires only a few grams of the dye. It was worn by workers as the fabric was very durable and strong. Gold was found in California in the year 1848 which gave rise to the popular Gold rush, the workers of the gold mine required long lasting cloths that would last long and not be worn off easily. A man called Leob Strauss who lived in New York shifted to San Francisco which is quite close to California and started a wholesale business of supplying clothes, later he changed his name to Levi from Leob, who the founder of the well known Levis Jeans Company. The major problem faced by the miners was that the pockets of their jeans would easily tear away from the jeans, so a person called Jacob Davis thought of an idea to overcome this problem. He had the idea of using metal fasteners to prevent the pockets from tearing away and to hold the pockets and the jeans together. Davis wanted to copyright his idea but due to lack of funds. He could not do so. In the year 1872 Davis sent a written proposal to Strauss, offering him a deal if Strauss agreed to pay fort the copyright, the proposal was accepted by Strauss and Davis started manufacturing copper fasteners. Levi attached a leather label on their jeans in the year 1886; it displayed two horses pulling a pair of jeans from in opposite directions, this was to display and advertise the strength of the jeans, and represented that even if it is pulled by two horses it would not tear apart. Hollywood stared making many western movies in 1930’s, where cowboys generally wore denim waist overalls; jeans were called that back then. This denim waist overall that

American revolution Essay Example for Free

American revolution Essay Title The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which rebel colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. This was the first time a colony had rebelled and successfully asserted its rights to self-government and nationhood. This inspired many European nations and colonies to revolt. For the longest time, I have been led to believe that the American Revolution was the most glorious war of all American time period. However, at the consummation of American Revolution unit, my perception of the war had drastically altered. Not everyone wanted to fight; in fact, it was mostly the upper class trying to persuade the lower class to fight while the elite could buy their way out. According to Give me liberty book charpter 5, historian Foner thought Americna Revolution is a revolution about independence and freedom for maybe all of the races and classes of America. Most Americans understand the history of their freedom in an uncomplicated way: the Founding Fathers laid down principles of American liberty that their descendants have been applying ever since, steadily augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people of all colors everywhere, as Abraham Lincoln said. Eric Foner disagrees. The story of American freedom, he says, is not simply a saga of a fixed set of rights to which one group after another has gained access, but a tale of debates, disagreements and struggles with lots of bumps and wrong turns along the way. Moreover, American freedom itself is not a single idea but a complex of values that have changed over time, taking on meanings unknown to Jefferson and his contemporaries. Yet freedom, he says, provides a unifying thread for our national experience. Also Foner explains some of the ways in which the Revolution was a turning point for American slavery: The war created new opportunities for slaves to become free. American revolution definitely a representative event of seeking freedom and independence in all period of American history. But other historian or  people might question it, is that a truly revolution for all of Amerian? In other word, is this celebrated revolution considered entirely the right and profit as it claimed? Compares to Foners i dea of American revolution, historian Howard Zinn published article The untold truths about American Revolution , which he thinks American Revolution is not truly revolutionary and â€Å"This is a good cause† to independence from England and let people immediately jump to deserves a war.† He thinks that the revolution it was run not by the farmers but by the Founding Fathers. The farmers were rather poor; the Founding Fathers were rather rich. So over all of his tendentious opinion in this article, he thinks ths revolution is not benifit for all of races or classes. As he said when you look at the American Revolution, there’s a fact that you have to take into consideration. Indians—no, Indians didn’t benefit. , Did blacks benefit from the American Revolution? Slavery was there before. Slavery was there after. Not only that, we wrote slavery into the Constitution. We legitimized it. All of this opinion pointed out the one conclusion The American Revolution was not a simple affair of all of us against all of them. And not everyone thought they would benefit from the Revolution. And he also quotes a Carl Degler in the â€Å"A Kind of Revolution† of his book A People’s History of the United States: No new social class came to power through the door of the American Revolution. The men who engineered the revolt were largely m embers of the colonial ruling class. George Washington was the richest man in America. John Hancock was a prosperous Boston merchant. Benjamin Franklin was a wealthy printer. And so on. According his article and his opinion so we can say it that the American Revolution is not truly revolutionary at least for me because there is not everyone was benfited from the war and the result of the revolution didnt consider all races and classes as they claimed. Following the conclusion of the Revolution, no new social classes were formed: not even the smallest fraction of the poor became wealthy, and there was not even the slightest bit of social reform—the conditions that existed prior to the war were reinstated after the war. After all this is what the wealthy wanted. The members of the upper class threw around words like â€Å"liberty and equality† in order to excite the lower class just enough so that they would fight in a war. Furthermore, according to Zinn, the members of the upper class wanted to accomplish this  Ã¢â‚¬Å"without ending either slavery or inequality† because if either of those two things ceased to exist, then the upper class would lose its wealth and its power—two things that were very much valued by the establishment and elite. Moreover, both before and after the said â€Å"American Revolution,† the wealthy—the top five percent or so of the nation—ruled the other ninety percent of the people. Edmund S. Morgan states in his book The Birth of the Republic that â€Å"The Constitution†¦represented a reaction†¦engineered by the rich and well-born,† Not only the upper class people ruled the war, but also the non-power class didnt have any change after the revolution comparesto what they thought before. After studying the American Revolution I have recognized the significant evidence supporting the view that the American Revolution was not a truly revolution at all because the rich remained rich, the poor remained poor, the government remained in favor of those with more wealth, and those in power remained in power.

Working with families is difficult and complex. Essay -- Social Issues

Working with children, young people and their families can be seen as difficult and complex for many different reasons. However, before these topics can be discussed and explored fully, it is important to completely understand the difference between the words ‘difficult’ and ‘complex’. ‘Difficult’ implies that things are not easily or readily done, where it requires much effort much effort, labour and skill to be performed effectively. In the same way, ‘complex’ implies a hard to deal with situation, but also involves many interconnected parts or complicated arrangements that consist of emotional attachment. Social work is rarely working with one individual, as stated in O’Loughlin and O’Loughlin (2008); it will involve working with the whole family which is constantly changing making it complex and diverse. It may consist of parents or carers who share the same race, class, culture, or sexuality, but alternatively it may not. Members within the family help to determine our behaviour, roles, rules and stereotyping. To add to this, people are constantly entering and leaving the family system either by marriage, divorce or death. These complexities are shown in ecomaps or genograms. It is important to understand that the child’s welfare is paramount, but in order to achieve positive outcomes for the child, effective work will need to be done within the family. Relationships within a family are known as a system with the family being viewed as a whole, rather than as many individuals. Within family relationships, everyone seeks to uphold the equilibrium so if one member seeks to change, the others seek to resist. However, difficulties include maintaining good relationships and knowing boundaries between professional and personal... ...children, young people and their families can be both complex and difficult. Social work practice is one of the most challenging as it involves work with a diverse range of both professionals and service users. However, there is more that one single reason for this. As all professionals, agencies and parents continue to work together in various different cases, a variety of skills are required including: communication, preparation, intervention skills, assessment of significant harm, research of current legislation and decision making skills, all of which contribute to the complexities and difficulties of social work. It could be argued that these difficulties are highlighted most in many public cases of child abuse; moreover these cases can be seen to be changing social work practice, affecting the difficulties and complexities of working within this profession.

Need vs Want Essay

There are N number of products under various categories in the market. But how many of them are successful is a fact that needs to be analyzed. The customer can view only the end product. But the actual fact behind the success of the product is invisible to the customer. One of the most important factors that lead to the success of the product is Marketing. The term marketing revolves around three basic principles –â€Å"Needs, wants and demands†. It is very important to understand the difference among the three before identifying the needs and wants of our examples Mountain dew, Nike shoes and IPod. Needs: Human needs are basic requirements Human needs are the basic requirements and include food clothing and shelter. Wants: Wants are a step ahead of needs and are largely dependent on the needs of the human beings. For example, you may want chocolates but the basic need is food. Demands: A step ahead of wants is demands. When an individual wants something which is premium, but he also has the ability to buy it, then these wants are converted to demands. Having understood the difference among needs wants and demands, let us analyze the Needs versus Wants of Mountain Dew, Nike Shoes and IPod. A product becomes successful when the customer is attracted by it. The first striking feature is how the product is presented. The attractive green color label and the name of the product scores rightly. Added to it, it is marketed by famous film stars like Salman Khan and Mahesh Babu. This advertising factor alone will drive people to buy Mountain Dew. The customer’s basic need here in this context would be a drink which has good taste, which is small and affordable, which has the reasonable quality for the money that he pays. This need factor is changed to want when this product is visually appealing and instigates one to buy this product. This appeal is created by the label, logo and the advertisement as stated earlier. Branded products are the most wanted in the market at any given point in time. But one has to understand that the brand got established in the market with its quality. Nike is an example of such a top range product which has the skill to meet the customer wants and needs. The customer’s need of shoes aligns to a point where he gets the much wanted comfort. Nike will be the first choice as the name itself serves as the guarantee. There are variety of designs and features across the product balancing the comfort factor as well. They help enhance the physical strength by best enabling the body, perform its best while exercising and jogging. The world’s best athletes who represent in Olympics go for Nike. This exemplifies the quality and the comfort which fulfils the wants of the customer. Yet again Nike fulfils the customer’s needs being comfortable and affordable, wants being fashionable and varieties to choose from. The customer feels great and proud to use the product because the shoes not only reflect one’s reputation but also prove to be appealing and performing. The factors discussed for the above two products holds good for IPods as well. Apple product holds the highest brand value in the world market. The company was a pioneer in introducing a device which is small, compact and portable yet offers mobile on the go music. Music addicts’ and lovers’ needs were rightly understood and thus the product made a history in its reputation and sales. An individual who wants to stay connected to music would need a quality device which enables him or her listen to music. Besides meeting this common expectation, Apple made listening to music interesting but adding its own flavor of brand, quality, style and varieties. The product comes in so many customized fashions that everyone would have one to choose from. The wide range of products like iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod mini, iPod touch, iPod shuffle etc, it satisfies a wide range of customers form different categories as well. Not just the product, even the accessories are so stylish and they serve multipurpose apart from music that people would want to buy an iPod in their lifetime once. Such needs and wants of the customers made the company grow beyond just meeting the customer’s expectation and come with new features every time. All these summarize and narrow down to the fact that for a company to be successful and to survive in the market race for a longer time maintaining its reputation and quality, it has to always be able to meet the needs of the customers, which are the basic requirement of the product like purpose, quality and affordability, and wants of the customers, which would reflect their personality, style, pride and reputation. Ultimately the customer decides if he or she buys the product. In order to convince the customer buy the product, there has to be the perfect balance of the needs and wants requirements. All the three example companies have understood this basic principle and have made a perfect blend of the requirements to offer the best product to the customer. When a customer is impressed with a product, he or she establishes a bond to the company which cannot be broken than easily. Both the company and the customers are mutually benefitted by this. Company makes profit and the custom er is happy!!!

History of Camarines Norte Essay

From 1573 to 1829, Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte formed only one political unit known as Ambos Camarines. In 1829, they were separated but reunited again in 1854. They again separated in 1857 to be reunited again in 1893. This union continued until 1919. On March 3, 1919, Camarines Norte was reestablished by the Philippine Legislature in Act 2809. When Camarines Norte was separated from Ambos Camarines in 1829, it was assigned the towns of Daet, as capital, Talisay, Indan (now Vinzons), Labo, Paracale, Mambulao (now Jose Panganiban), Capalonga, Ragay, Lupi and Sipocot. Seventeen years later, it lost Sipocot, Lupi and Ragay to Camarines Sur in exchange for the town of Siruma. Juan de Salcedo, dispatched by Legazpi to explore the island in 1571, influenced the existence of Camarines Norte. After subduing Taytay and Cainta, he marched further across Laguna and Tayabas. He visited the rich gold-laden town of Mambulao and Paracale, obsessed by them about which he heard from natives there of existing gold mines. When Francisco de Sande took over from Legazpi as Governor General, Spanish influence started to be felt in the region. He established a permanent Spanish garrison in Naga to control the region and defend it from Chinese and Muslim pirates. Capt. Pedro de Chavez was assigned to head this force. There were already native settlements here when the Spaniards arrived. The flourishing towns of Mambulao and Paracale were two of them. Indan and Daet were the other settlements besides Capalonga and others. But Paracale remained the most sought after because of its gold mines. ** The national hero Jose P. Rizal and other Filipino expatriates who lived in Madrid and other cities of Spain, called ‘Los Indios Bravos,’ established â€Å"La Solidaridad,† their publication advocating for reforms in the Philippines from the Spanish governm ent. One of the editors of ‘La Solidaridad’ was Jose Maria Panganiban, born in Mambulao (now Jose Panganiban) on February 1, 1863. Lovingly dubbed by his compatriots the â€Å"Avenger of Filipino Honor† or â€Å"El Vengador del Honor Filipino,† this genius, nationalist, scientist and writer died on August 19, 1890 at age 27 of pulmonary tuberculosis in Barcelona, Spain. His remains were brought back to the Philippines by Dr. Domingo Abella in 1958 and to Jose Panganiban in 1985 – 122 years to the day since his birth – â€Å"to rest in eternal repose in the bosom of his beloved native town (Mambulao) on February 1† by MP Roy B. Padilla, Sr., Batasang Pambansa. The entire country and province respectively bestowed upon him a belated but rousing honors. The towns were chiefly inhabited by Tagalogs; the rests were of Visayan strain. However, most of the immigrants were from Mauban, Quezon. The Spanish missionaries did not falter in their mission to Christianize the natives. ** Daet Revolt : APRIL 14-17, 1898 – Local members of the Katipunan led by Ildefonso Moreno and other illustrious patriots staged an uprising against the Spanish authorities here who have fortified themselves in the house of one Florencio Arana, a Spanish merchant and a long time resident of Daet. Sporadic encounters started on April 14 until April 16 when the rebels occupied Daet and surrounded the Spaniards in the house of Arana. But the Katipuneros failed to repulse the reinforcements which arrived in Barra (now Mercedes) from Nueva Caceres on April 17. Said reinforcements broke the siege of Daet. This resulted in the death and/or execution of many patriots, including Ildefonso Moreno, Tomas Zaldua and his two sons, Jose Abaà ±o, Domingo Lozada and Aniceto Gregorio, among others. While the Daet revolt collapsed, it signaled the start of a series of rebellion throughout the Bicol region. ** Another illustrious son of Camarines Norte, Gen. Vicente R. Lukban of Labo wrote a golden page in the history of the province in particular and the country in general. On September 28, 1901, Sunday, he led Filipino rebels, armed only with bolos and sharpened bamboo poles, in an attack against the contingent of American forces in Balangiga, Samar. Only 36 troopers of Company C, 9th Infantry Regiment of the US Forces survived the attack against 16 casualties among the Filipino rebels, giving the encounter its famous label â€Å"Balangiga Massacre† in Philippine history. This feat of arms is celebrated annually in Balangiga, Samar, and in Camarines Norte, with appropriate activities. By virtue of Act 2809 of March 3, 1919, Governor General F. B. Harrison separated Camarines Norte from Camarines Sur with the installation of Don Miguel R. Lukban as its first governor. â€Å"In functional sense, April 15, 1920, was the date of the organization of Camarines Norte, as directed by Executive Order No. 22 dated March 20, 1920, in conformity with the provisions of Act No. 2809,† according to Serafin D. Quiason, former chairman of the National Historical Institute (NHI). Presently, Camarines Norte consisted of 12 towns: Basud, Capalonga, Daet, Jose Panganiban, Labo, Mercedes, Paracale, San Lorenzo Ruiz, San Vicente, Sta. Elena, Talisay and Vinzons. Daet remained as its capital town. ** Wenceslao Q. Vinzons, Sr. – Lawyer, orator, labor leader, writer, youngest delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention and youngest signatory of the Charter at the age of 25, governor in 1940 and congressman-elect in 1941, this provincial hero, refusing to surrender, evacuated the provincial government during the Japanese occupation to the hinterlands of Labo and led a guerrilla force against the Japanese forces here, capturing one town after another in Camarines Norte; organized an all-out attack on Daet, the capital town, and captured it on May 3, 1942; ***together with his father Gavino Vinzons and then Gov. Basilio Bautista, he was captured on July 8, 1942, but he refused vehemently to collaborate with the Japanese; ***few days later his wife Liwayway and children Aurora and Alexander were likewise abducted; he and his father mysteriously disappeared on August 7, 1942; â€Å"the remains of Vinzons, his father, his wife and two children had never been found;† the town of Indan where he was born on September 28, 1910, was re-named Vinzons in his honor and became the venue of the province-wide annual celebration of his birth anniversary. ** First Guerilla Encounter – The first guerilla encounter in the Philippines during the second world war in the Pacific, occurred on December 18, 1941 – 11 days after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 and 10 days after the attack on Clark Airbase in Pampanga on Dec. 8, 1941 – at Laniton, Basud, Camarines Norte when the Vinzons guerrilla group with some elements of USAFFE units engaged the vanguard of the Japanese Imperial Army advancing towards Daet, the capital town; a shrine was put up in Laniton to mark this historic feat of arms while surviving veterans and the sons and daughters of veterans who fell commemorate this event every Dec. 18 with fitting programs and activities in Basud and Daet under the auspices of the Veterans Federation of the Philippines – Camarines Norte Chapter (VFP-CN), Basud Municipal Government and the Provincial Government.

The Roles of Women before Suffrage essays

The Roles of Women before Suffrage essays The typical woman played a very domestic role in the time before suffrage, or when women spoke out about the rights which they were entitled to, especially the right to vote. That right was officially granted to women in 1920. Women were not thought to be, in any way, equal to men before that time. An educated woman posed a threat to the traditionally accepted way of life. It is because of these bias traditions that women were held back. Women were supposed to obey and respect their husbands, raise and cherish their children, and do all of the household work (i.e. cooking, cleaning, etc.). Women were put down and held back constantly, but that did not stop them from stepping up and taking what they saw as rightfully theirs. In the literature of this time, there were some examples of women who were not the people society told them they should be. Some of these characters were Daisy Miller from Henry James Daisy Miller: A Study, Edna Pontillier from Kate Chopins The Awakening, and Sarah Penn from Mary E. Wilkins Freemans The Revolt of Mother. These women were considered rebels of their time. They were willing to go against the grain. One thing tying all of these characters together was that they were all perfectly aware of what was expected of them. They knew their place in society. They were unwilling, however, to be viewed almost as the African American slaves were, that is, as a piece of property. Sarah Penn knew that moving all of the familys possessions into the barn would create a lot of troubles, mainly for her. However, she was willing to do whatever she deemed necessary to make her case with her husband. Edna Pontillier knew that her relationship with Robert was taboo, but she went ahead and got progressively more involved with him, and even went as far as to get involved with another man when the family moved back to the city. Dai ...

Sir Clement Freud, 24 April 1924 15 April 2009 - Emphasis

Sir Clement Freud, 24 April 1924 15 April 2009 Sir Clement Freud, 24 April 1924 15 April 2009 Writer, broadcaster, politician and chef: Clement Freud never ran short of ways to fill his time. This was true until the very end. He died at his desk yesterday. The grandson of Sigmund sometimes a cigar is just a cigar Freud, he first appeared in the public eye on adverts for Minced Morsels dog food, with his co-star and lookalike Henry the bloodhound. A varied career followed, from newspaper columns to the Houses of Parliament, but he is best remembered for his wonderfully dry wordplay. This quote sums up his humour and a way to laugh at our current situation perfectly: Theres not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, Apples are going up, to which I replied, This would come as a severe blow to Sir Isaac Newton.' Theres no doubt that his loss will be felt for much longer than just a minute.

Economics Effects of Taxing Sugar Beverages Research Paper

Economics Effects of Taxing Sugar Beverages - Research Paper Example Such economic policies have provided conventional measures in various sectors that have ensured reduction in consumption of non-dietary food items. Economists assert that best economic policies that could reduce consumption of non-dietary food that contribute to lifestyle diseases include adoption of price cap and taxation policies. These policies would advance commodity prices hence reduce its demand. Evidently, sugar beverages form one of the food items consumed by majority that have immense effect on productivity. It presents severe complications that delimit human functioning and productivity. Chronic diseases that it causes include diabetes, obesity and heart diseases that have severe complications.Economists assert that nations and individuals should adopt essential methods to facilitate eradication of lifestyle diseases that presents long-term complications for example diabetes which is caused by consumption of sugar beverages. They stated that authorities should adopt proper conventional strategies to facilitate eradication of chronic diseases that cause immense lose. Nations including the US have initiated development of sound health care policies to provide basic incentives towards improving health standards. The policies are geared towards reforming the entire health system with an aim of providing effective, fair and superior medical assistance to citizens. US government view health as a vital element that has to be improved through potential policies with absolute potential to revolutionize the sector. This is to facilitate provision of fair nursing care through superior treatment ideals and dietary counseling. Consequently, the policy seeks to ensure that individuals are informed about the dangers of compromised dietary food consumption including complications of drugs. This paper evaluates the imperativeness of economic health care with focus to sugar beverages that hinders human development. Health care policies Health care policies are comprehensive guidelines that drive provision of quality nursing services and enhancement of individual’s life standards. Health officials are under obligation to provide basic treatment and counseling based on health matters and food dietary system. The activities should be formulated with an aim of developing a healthy nation with vibrant economic prospects that are sustainable. Developing effective health care policies requires input of various stakeholders (Neuman 1). Evidently, effective health policies should consider various factors that include monetary impact, dietary system, and infrastructural system and health professionals. These factors are significant in devising appropriate health policies that enhances safety and human

Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire Instrument Critique Research Paper

Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire Instrument Critique - Research Paper Example In the development of the instrument, studies describing critically ill patients’ patterns of sleep were used as a theoretical basis for various items incorporated into the instrument. The instrument was validated against the polysomnograph and found to be an improvement in measuring sleep quality for patients in intensive care (Richards et al, 2000). As currently used, the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire reflects five items that are used for measuring sleep quality in ICU patients. These are the depth of sleep, ability to fall asleep, number of times the patients wake up, percentage of the time the patients are awake, and the overall sleep quality of the patients (Richards et al, 2000). The Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, on top of these five items, also includes a rating for noise during the nighttime, which are scored using a visual analogue scale. The five scores for the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire is averaged, and the mean score used in determining sleep quality. Night shift nurses are required to complete the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire with regards to the sleep quality of their patients overnight, while the patients also fill in the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire after they wake up. The instrument was modified to measure how many awakenings the patient had during their sleep in order to d ifferentiate between patients who woke up frequently and those who did not wake up during their sleep. Further advances in the instrument involved the requirement that the items and directions on the questionnaire be read out to the patients in intensive care (Richards et al, 2000). This was because, while patients have been found to have little trouble in completing it if nurses read the items and directions out to them, majority of the critically ill patients had problems when completing the questionnaire without provision of assistance. However, for obvious reasons, this survey is only useful if the patients are awake and non-delirious. The visual analog nature of the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire scales means that, as a measure of the latency of sleep, it is not very sensitive in comparison to other modalities of scaling (Richards et al, 2000). For this reason, there is a need to revise the instrument. This could be done in order to improve the Richard-Campbell Sleep Ques tionnaire’s ability to predict the efficiency of sleep in intensive care patients. For example, the instrument could be revised by adding more items in an attempt to predict sleep efficiency with an improved percentage of variance. However, this will be done at the risk of decreasing the practicality of outcome measurements for patients who are critically ill (Richards et al, 2000), especially as increasing the number of items may be too much for nurses who are overworked and patients who are critically ill and may be too weak to answer them. The Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire’s predictive ability could also be potentially improved by adding another section with more items for nurses. This additional section would consist of additional observations that the nurses make for the critically ill patients’ quality of sleep (Richards et al, 2000). The Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire could also be revised to account for sleep characteristic

The Relationship Between Health, Healing, and Religion Term Paper

The Relationship Between Health, Healing, and Religion - Term Paper Example Different religions utilize different ideas about the healing. Some utilize the spiritual activities while some utilize the scientific approach and give medicines to heal a sick person. The medicine might come from the plant source or might be a modern medicine. The modern scientific community has taking interest in all the healing techniques that are utilized from the religious point of view and some of the religious activities considering the health and healing got importance due to the positivism towards the society and religion. In general, illness is the phase of a body or mind where it is unable to work in its capacity or body or mind is unable to perform that it has the capacity of. However, different religions views illness differently. In the Voodoo religion, the believers have believed that an illness is caused due to the evil or bad sprits or sometimes sprits of the family members. Voodoo has concepts that â€Å"lwa† are the sprits that make an interaction with the people and are able to cause bad thing to the people. In the Kung religion, illness is caused by the dead Kung, the dead ancestor of a person or sometimes gods penetrate the illness into the person (Kingsley 41). In this way, in this religion it is very important to cure and heal the sick to try best to make the person healthy. Shaman has also the similar conditions that consider illness a spiritual deal of the person. In the shamanism, people believe that there is an invisible world around us and invisible creatures are present around us that are sprits. The sprits are able to put illness in a person. Yoga involves the practices that are capable of making the disease away from the practitioner. The practitioners have the faith that certain forces that block the life can cause illness. How is it best addressed? In different religions the illness is expressed in different forms and sometimes it referred to as the spiritual illness. In the religion ‘Kung’ people give spec ial important to the sick because they believe that if the person dies of illness (Kingsley 42), he will spread the illness or give it to the other person. In the Voodoo, illness is paid a significant attention and 60% of the activity in the religion is to heal the person. In the similar way the yoga also addresses the illness in a proper manner and to remove it from the person’s body and soul special attention is required. Yoga is all about the methods that increase the blood flow in the body, increase the brain function and make the body flexible and healthy. The practices utilized in the yoga can help maintain the blood pressure and reduce the cholesterol that helps maintain the health of the heart and the lungs. What kind of healer is needed? In almost all the religion, some of the persons of the society work significantly to preach and heal the persons like the priests, which make give their lives to the religion to protect and preach the religion and make people underst and what their religion is. In the similar way, in all the religion people consider then sacred and they are the person who work to heal the persons. In Voodoo, the priesthood presents both is man and women and these persons heal the ill persons with some rituals, herbal medicines and now a day the scientific medicines. Houngan is the word for the male priest and Mambo is the name of the female priest. Similarly, a healer is required in the Kung to make the illness away from the people and he can be able to fight with the gods to pull the illness away from the person, in this way, a healer should be strong both mentally and physical. In the similar way, in Curandero’s healing mechanism, saints play the role of the healer. In

The Importance Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay

The Importance Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay Green computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing. It minimize the use of electricity as well as energy and reduce the environmental dissipate when we are using a computer. The green computing has the same goals with green chemistry, which is longer the life time of the product and makes the product more efficiency of energy, advance the discarded product and factory waste to be more easily recycled and biodegradable, use of the less-hazardous materials. According to San Murugesan, green computing is the study of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and related subsystems-such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems which is efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. It also strives to get economic achievability and better system performance and use due to abide your social and ethical responsibilities. In the economic sense, it has efficiency energy, a save the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling. Therefore it is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. Origin The labeling program which is known as Energy Star was one of the earliest initiatives toward in United States. In 1992, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) started to promote all kinds of hardware of energy efficiency, also climate control equipment, and other technologies and it was regarded as Energy Star. The label of Energy Star became a general sight, mainly in  notebook computers and  displays. In Europe and Asia, similar programs have also been implemented. The sleep mode is then adopted among consumer electronics. After the Energy Star program began, the term green computing was probably invented shortly. 100px-Energy_Star_logo.svg.png . Logo of Energy Star Pathways to Green Computing   In accordance with San Murugesan, the study of green computing which is related to use, disposal, designing, and manufacturing, here are the elaborations of the above. There are ways to achieve green computing, aim to make the whole IT lifecycle greener. The following four complementary paths dealing with environmental sustainability are: Green use. Using computers and other information systems in an environmentally sound manner such as reduce the energy consumption. Green disposal. When dealing unwanted compurs or electronic equipment, recycle them properly. Old computers are also encouraged to be reuse or refurbished. Green design. Designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and data centers Green manufacturing. Manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact on the environment. Important of Green Computing Why should we have the idea of green computing? When the news claimed that the environment was not a renewable resource, it really hit home and people started realizing that they had to do their part to protect the environment. Therefore, green computing is an important idea to keep our environment clean and safe. When it gets involved in recycling computer, it is difficult to dispose the old computers and some more that they take up much space in landfills. Somehow, the problem is that the electronic waste is increasing tremendously within this decade. Many negative effects are gradually showed up towards this environment, especially to human. Due to the quick obsolescence of electronics, it resulted a dreadful 70% of all hazardous waste. Computer waste is high in many toxic materials such as heavy metals and flame-retardant plastics, which easily leach into ground water and bio-accumulate. In addition, to manufacture chips of the electronic requires huge amounts of resources and some deadliest gases and chemicals are used to man . In an average year, 24 million computers have become obsolete in United States. Only about 14% (3.3 million) of these will be recycled or donated. Over 20 million computers, the rest in U.S. will be get rid of, destroyed or shipped as waste products or to be dealt with later in the temporary storage. We do not care about what happens when our laptop dies and just stop to consider it. The reality is that it either decomposed in a landfill or developing countries. The children there wrestling its components apart by hand and melting toxic bits to discover traces or valuable metals like gold. Moreover, E-Waste trade chain is created in developing nations for the imported obsolete electronics. They employ several workers, collectors, segregators, middlemen, scrap dealers and recyclers to take components apart, reuse the functional components, burning or acid dipping and other unprofessional techniques to recycle the non-functional components. After burning and other wastes are disposed, the spent acids and other chemicals, solid wastes eventually end up in rivers. This resulted serious problem of pollution of water, the source we depend , which can threaten our lives.C:UsersUserDocumentsCSCpics80415_beware_free_electronic_waste_collection_events_300dpi.jpg . Landfill C:UsersUserDocumentsCSCpicsStEP-EMPA04.jpgC:UsersUserDocumentsCSCpicsStEP-EMPA01.jpg 3. Unprofessional technique used by the woman that maybe endangers health. 2. Workers in landfill. Another reason that triggers us to look important on green computing is the emissions of harmful gases which come from generating electricity can cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain and global climate change. These reactions can be avoided if we save the electricity and do not leave computers on continuously because the majority of the worlds electricity is generated by burning fossil fuel pollutants such as sulphur, mercury, and carbon dioxide. Supporting Theory Greener supply chains have become the norm and the trend of green IT. It is because the companies have tried to squeeze very dime out of their supply chains to improve the bottom line and deliver less-expensive products to their customers. Instead of focusing on purely financial improvements, they also try to make the greatest interest in making the supply chains greener. While greening the supply chain, the importance of gathering data and analysis become obviously. So that it is no surprise that IT and electronics equipment manufacturers have been on the leading edge of this field for years. It is because the suppliers are pressured by most of their customer to reduce their carbon footprints, minimize waste that would need to be stored in landfills and use less water. The European Union is tackling with difficulties of producing computers which are free of the worst toxic materials and the responsibility for taking back the company their own old products too. They try to manage with cycling the disassembling parts back into the fabrication process. Finally, in 2002, NEC came out with the first computer to use lead-free solder, a fully recyclable plastic case, and which contained no toxic flame-retardants. It is becoming a common practice for companies to offer their customers free recycling of their old computers since the worldwide of computers company have started selling lead-free PCs. Apple is taking the pioneer and the leader to green computing. The New Mac mini is a good start. Figure Advertisement of Apple the new MacBook The Apple MacBook Pro is the best example of product of green IT. It eliminated many harmful toxins. For example, the mercury used in CCFL backlights and the arsenic contained in the glass of traditional LCD displays.Apple has removed these toxins from all new MacBook Pro notebooks, and theyve done the same for the new MacBook Air, iMac, Mac Pro, and Mac mini; Apple LED Cinema Display; and iPod touch, iPod classic, iPod nano, iPod shuffle, and iPhone. It is highly recyclable. The material of the product is formed from recyclable glass, recyclable aluminum and so on. The raw materials used in new MacBook are very desirable by recycler and it can be reused in other products. Its packaging is reduced. About 41, 37 and 34 percent smaller (13-, 15-, and 17-inch, respectively) than the original one. The reason using smaller boxes is due to we can fit more boxes as possible we can on each shipping pallet. Since more products fit on each plane or boat, fewer boats and planes are used and therefore results in CO2 emissions is reduced. It is more energy efficient. Because Apple makes both hardware and software for Macbook Pro, they manage to design them work together and control every aspect of the production. There are many functions allow the MacBook use less electricity: the MacBook Pro hard drive spins down automatically when inactive. MacBook Pro The Userful MultiSeat takes 1 ordinary PC and turns it into 11 standard USB. Up to 11 users can work on a single computer, each with their own monitor, mice, and keyboards. Not only 80% of hardware cost is saved, the infrastructure (power plugs, cabling, etc.) is reduced by factor of 10. The company, Userful, declared that their software have saved over 13,350 tons of CO2 emissions in the past year, which is same with taking 2,300 cars off the road. This application makes the possibility to reduce the emissions of CO2 by up to 15 per year per system and up to 80% the electronic waste can be reduced. Analysis and Solution of the Problem Why does green computing less common practice in our country? Although we know that green computing is important, but some people just does not do the practical action to save our earth. They constantly think that: I am just one person, I cannot make any difference to something as global as climate change. They underestimate themselves, and continuing destroys the earth. Somehow, this common attitude of human can be an obstacle to the way of green world. If we reluctant to make practical changes in behavior, such as turn off the computer when not in use or recycle used paper, the earth will easily sick one beyond our expectations because of all of us behaves the same attitude and no one willing to change. Green computing will not work out anymore in this instance. In the other hand, there is a common view that man-made emissions are too small to cause climate change. Although it is true that only a small amount of emission caused by human in the annual cycle amount, we cannot be blind as the population increases, our consumption of energy also inevitably in a high demand. Hence, global warming resulted in fast-pace virtually. Therefore, our response is influential because it practically shows how individuals can make a difference by demonstrating the good behavior of everything. Let us say that if everyone uses two sheets less per day in an office of about 1,000 people, it would save a tree every week. We can say we are enough to make difference. Does green computing really go green? The answer may be no definitely 100% of green IT. It depends on the manufacturing process used to produce the electronic. Most products are produced in China or other Asian countries and most of the computer components are outsourced from there. Why? Generally, companies tend to gain more benefit than lose a penny, developing in China or other Asian countries is the way to save the cost of production. How? Because there is not much strict environmental regulations and the labor standards are lax. In addition, products do not often meet the green standards by those manufacturers which are set by the companies, also including Apple headquarters in the United States. Finally, the working conditions, being paid in fair wages, and working reasonable hours also must we consider to ensure to product is truly green. Therefore, labor of production which must be considered in case. Recommendation We should take our responsibility to reduce the environmental impact of computing in order to keep our planet clean and healthy. As users, we could do our part by altering our habits. Here are the ways we can make our world better if we: using computers and devices that comply with the Energy Star program, telecommuting instead of travelling by planes or ship, using paperless method to communicate or in business. In my opinion, technology is created and improved in our generation is to upgrade our quality of life. We should appreciate this advantage but not misuse it. If we waste our resources restlessly and there will not be any chances for us to repent and our live seems to reach the end. Because of the non-renewable resource, which is a natural resource, such as fossil fuel, cannot sustain in a long time if we use them without conservation. This is because the resources often existed in fixed amount, and we keep consuming that much faster than the nature can create them. We use them in our daily life, how would it be if we run out of petroleum? No transport, no food, economic crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. More disasters will happen with unexpectedly fast. Therefore, we can change our attitudes now as long as we still have chance to live. In addition, we have only one earth, so treat it well! Conclusion To come to our knowledge, the man-made greenhouse gas emissions increasing is a major contributing factor to global warming, enterprises, governments, and also our society. In the mean time, people trying to tackle environmental issues and adopting environmentally to live in harmony and peacefully with this earth. Therefore, greening our IT products, applications, services and practices are both economic and environmental essential, as well as our social responsibility. As a result, a growing number of IT vendors and users are moving toward green computing and thereby assisting in building a green society and economy. Through the effort of developing sustainable energy, we can create a better quality of life for the coming generation. We can put our effort to learn more about knowledge of computer disposal to protecting the environment. By green computing technology, we are trying to make the whole process surrounding computers more friendly to the environment, economy, and society.

Comparing Virginia Woolfs To the Lighthouse and Kawabatas Snow Countr

Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse and Kawabata's Snow Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   Virginia Woolf's claim that plot is banished in modern fiction is a misleading tenet of Modernism. The plot is not eliminated so much as mapped out onto a more local level, most obviously with the epic structural comparison in Ulysses. In To the Lighthouse, Woolf's strategy of indirect discourse borrows much from Impressionism in its exploration of the ways painting can freeze a moment and make it timeless. In Kawabata's Snow Country, the story of Yoko and her family and its relationship to the rest of the novel corresponds with an even more modern medium, film, and its superimposition of contradictory image.    Lily Briscoe's metaphor stabilize the chaotic reality around her, order them into a visible representation, and make them timeless. She shares these goals with the Impressionists, for whom moments of being (as Woolf calls them elsewhere) are also "illuminations, matches struck unexpectedly in the dark" (161). The instantaneity of this image, and its reliance on light, is crucial for To the Lighthouse; through the single match Lily, and Woolf, light forest fires. Other parts of the narrative clarify and become resonant through specific moments of consciousness; one character's thoughts feed into another's, the narrative voice filters through everyone else's, and the reader sees, as Lily does, the "X-ray photograph" (91) of everyone's desires and fears. The plot is compromised in these scenes, or in the throwaway line in "Time Passes" that parenthetically tells us that Mrs. Ramsay died last night. But just as this remark is framed by brackets, so does each moment of being f rame something else, a larger context the singular... ...raps the sounds around each other, showing that language, even at its most freeing, is still confining. But the image is enough, and through this the Milky Way creates an anti-gravity field that lifts the characters out of their bodies: "The limitless depth of the Milky Way pulled his gaze up into it" (165). It is in this non-Newtonian manner that Kawabata directs our attention to the plot outline of his novel. We may focus on one moment, but it is infinitely refracted throughout the text, and at each moment we linger on the image, the reflected image, or the idea of the image; the plot is always there, but not always the primary image.    Works Cited: Kawabata, Yasunari. Snow Country. Berkley Publishing Corporation: New York, NY 1956. Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Introduction by D.M. Hoare, Ph.D. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1960

Chapter 21 notes- the kite runner Essay

Amir visits his old house in Kabul and the hill north of Baba’s house- The city is now completely unfamiliar to Amir, and he looks at it almost as a tourist Amir looks outside his bedroom window and remembers looking out of it when watching Hassan and Amir leave. â€Å"Twenty-five years earlier, I had stood behind that same window, thick rain dripping down the panes and my breath fogging up the glass. I had watched Hassan and Ali load their belongings into the trunk of my father’s car† -Amir Characters involved: Amir Farid Hassan- Amir discusses their good memories in the yard of Baba’s house and up at the pomegranate tree on the hill. â€Å"Amir and Hassan. The Sultans of Kabul†- still carved into the pomegranate tree. A man and woman were executed on the soccer oval in front of all the spectators Characters involved: Taliban (Islamic radicals) Amir Farid Woman and man both killed by rocks â€Å"And they call themselves Muslims† -Farid â€Å"Mord? Mord? Is he dead? † -Amir â€Å"Every sinner must be punished in a manner befitting his sin! †- Cleric at the stadium. This part of the text gives evidence that the Taliban are brutal, have no sympathy and are murderers. The Taliban say they are obeying God. Meeting arranged to meet with the Taliban that afternoon. Characters involved: Farid- asks for Amir Taliban official Symbols Pomegranate tree â€Å"Then I went looking for the abandoned cemetery. It didn’t take me long to find it. It was still there, and so was the old pomegranate tree. †- Amir â€Å"I stood under it, remembered all the times we’d climbed it, straddled it’s branches, our legs swinging, dappled sunlight flickering through the leaves and casting on our faces a mosaic of light and shadow. The tangy taste of pomegranate crept into my mouth. † -Amir The ruined, dead tree serves as a symbol that the city Kabul that Amir knew was now dead. Environment- Kabul- *Desolate. *Ruined *Dusty *Abandoned *Sun-dried Amir’s house *Surrounded by weeds *Rusty â€Å"The Wall of Ailing Corn was still there, though I saw no corn, ailing or other-wise, along that wall now. †-Amir Paint peeled off â€Å"The house was far from the sprawling white mansion I remembered from my childhood. It looked smaller. † -Amir â€Å"Like so much else in Kabul, my father’s house was the picture of fallen splendour. † -Amir â€Å"I wanted to step into the foyer, smell the orange peel Ali always tossed into the stove to burn the sawdust. Sit at the kitchen table, have tea with a slice of naan, listen to Hassan sing old Hazara songs. † -Amir.

Learning and Memory.An introduction to theories of learning Essay

Learning and Memory Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cleaning the room is the target behaviour in Bobby’s case. Mr. Kelly tries to keep on reminding his eight year old child to clean his room but it is always in vain. Since Mr. Kelly needs help in increasing the frequency of his child cleaning his room it could be assumed that bobby is trained and knows how to clean his room. The possible reason as to why he keeps on refraining from this task is however unclear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning is a method of learning that incorporates acquisition of behaviour and facing the consequences of the behaviour. In this type of learning rewards are given to the learner either to encourage or discourage future repetition of the same behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). Operant conditioning can be used to encourage Bobby in cleaning up his room. Through the various components of operant conditioning Mr. Kelly can apply to encourage Bobby clean his room. Operant conditioning has two major concepts, reinforcement and punishment, which could be used in different ways to encourage bobby to clean his room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reinforcement involves using reward that would otherwise increase the chances of bobby cleaning his room more often. Mr. Kelly could use various rewards such as giving bobby time to watch T.V, buying little gifts that are issued each time bobby cleans his room. Such motivating factors will encourage bobby to clean up his room. Reinforcement is of two types, positive and negative reinforcement, both ways can be capitalised in changing the behaviour of bobby. In positive reinforcement for instance Mr. Kelly needs to look for items such as toys or bars of chocolate, preferably Mr. Kelly could choose some of the items bobby loves most and use them to reward bobby after cleaning the room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continuous use of negative reinforcement over a long period of time would lead to Bobby developing an attitude towards cleaning his room. Thus positive reinforcement could be applied. For reinforcement to be effective both method should be used concurrently. Fixed ratio schedule and variable ratio schedules can be used to implement and encourage bobby to always clean the room. Fixed ratio schedule will always reward bobby after a number of times he has cleaned the room. This method will give immediate positive responses from bobby but would be consuming for Mr. Kelly. Variable ratio schedule would award bobby after irregular intervals of response from him. This can be very effective to reinforce Bobby to clean the room because the reinforcement can come all through the first week and make the reluctance of cleaning the house an extinct behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will apply the operant conditioning to account for Jackie’s development of the behaviour of phobia towards dogs. This is because the operant conditioning shows or explains why the organisms will acquire learned behaviour that they exhibit. The vital focus of operant conditioning is by use of reinforcements as punishments or reward so as to increase or decrease the likelihood of occurrence or repetition of certain behaviour (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). In the case of Jackie, she received a negative reinforcement from the dog bite and hence the phobia towards dogs development. Also the stitches and the time that she spent on medication made her develop the negative attitude towards dogs. This is because, in operant conditioning, it is clear that continued use of negative reinforcement will lead to the victim developing an attitude towards that object or behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the behaviour modification that could be designed to help Jackie to overturn the phobia that she has with dogs could be: Jackie could first of all spend time with her spouse with a company the trained dogs. This will help Jackie to see that dogs were not wild and they always do not bite any time you had an encounter with them. This will somehow help her reverse the phobia she had towards dogs and also help her see the positive side of the dogs. She should also be allowed to spend time with the trained dogs with the dogs being guided by the trainer to remain lively, obedient and helpful to Jackie. This will act as a positive reinforcement towards Jackie’s behaviour. She will slowly by slowly start liking dogs and hence they will have a happy life with her partner thereafter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two main principles of operant conditioning that are evident in the case of Emma. First by the parents trying to offer Emma some kind of reward, they are trying to positively reinforce the behaviour of cleaning her room and toys through the principle of positive reinforcement. Also through putting her out, they are applying the principle of positive punishment by trying to add something bad so that she cannot repeat the same mistake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning theory could be applied in this case to correct Emma’s behaviour through application of the four main principles of operant conditioning. The parents could apply the principle of negative punishment which is to take something good away so as to decrease certain behaviour. Through application of this principle, they could cut away buying of toys to Emma so that she could be reinforced to clean the room. Also through negative reinforcement principle, which is taking something bad so as to reinforce behaviour could be applied by Emma’s parents. They could stop putting her in time any time that she cleans her room so that she can be reinforced to always clean her room and toys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extinction of behaviour in operant conditioning theory can be defined as the disappearance of previously learned behaviour if the behaviour is not reinforced (Hunt et al, 2008). As we have earlier said, reinforcement is the necessity for learning and in which certain behaviour grows. It is either a means to encourage or discourage certain behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). For instance, the Emma is conditioned to the behaviour that when she screams hard and through the toys away, her parents will collect them and clean them up for her. If the parents stopped this behaviour, Emma could not adopt this behaviour because it will lack reinforcement and slowly it will cease and become extinct. References Hunt, Elgin F. and Colander, David C. (2008). Social Science, An Introduction to the Study of Society. Olson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013). An introduction to theories of learning (9th ed.). Upper Saddle; River, NJ: Pearson. Staddon, J. E. R., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003). Operant conditioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 115-44. Source document